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wellerstein's profile
Alex Wellerstein
Alex Wellerstein
Alex Wellerstein
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@wellerstein

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Alex WellersteinVerified account

@wellerstein

Historian of science, secrecy, and nuclear weapons. Professor of STS at @FollowStevens. UC Berkeley alum with a Harvard PhD. NUKEMAP creator. Coder and web dev.

Hoboken, NJ / NYC
blog.nuclearsecrecy.com
Joined September 2011

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    1. Martin “Doomsday” Pfeiffer (⧖)  🏳️‍🌈‏ @NuclearAnthro 8 Nov 2017
      • Report Tweet

      Rephrase: Bioweapons are hard but I don’t know if I’m cool w/STS’s kind of nominalization & fetishization of tacit knowledge.pic.twitter.com/CQPQPd0bFL

      12 replies 4 retweets 28 likes
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    2. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @NuclearAnthro

      Also, I should say: I think tacit knowledge is important. But just one of the issues. Explicit knowledge still important, and relationship between two often gets short-shift in the attention to tacit.

      2 replies 0 retweets 5 likes
    3. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @NuclearAnthro

      If the argument is, tacit knowledge will stop proliferation (of whatever) — very dubious. In some cases it matters a lot (but can be overcome with effort), in some cases it matters not at all (because knowledge required is "easily" acquired — e.g., in totally dual-use fields).

      2 replies 0 retweets 5 likes
    4. Janne M. Korhonen‏ @jmkorhonen 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @NuclearAnthro

      No, tacit knowledge isn't going to stop proliferation, but I have my doubts about how easy such knowledge is to acquire outside weapons research. Still, I agree on a general level, partic. about techs that embody previously tacit knowledge.

      1 reply 0 retweets 0 likes
    5. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      It depends on the field/knowledge in question. It used to be that "how to operate a nuclear reactor safely" was classified and tacit nonpro knowledge. Today you can get an undergraduate degree in that, globally.

      1 reply 0 retweets 2 likes
    6. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      In some cases, specific knowledge is going to be tightly held within said complexes ("how to safely handle plutonium" is not something you can easily learn outside of them — or inside of them, sometimes!). Others are not.

      1 reply 0 retweets 2 likes
    7. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      But the overall, cumulative effect is that tacit knowledge requirements can drop in general in a field, narrowing the kind of expertise. If it maps very closely onto a fully open field, then it ceases to be a very effective barrier to proliferation.

      1 reply 0 retweets 1 like
    8. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      ("narrowing the kind of expertise *required*," it should say.)

      1 reply 0 retweets 1 like
    9. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      Which is just to say: the tacit knowledge "fetishists" tend to act like tacit knowledge is an effective barrier. I think history and sociology of science has shown us that, at best, it slows things down a bit. At worst, it can vanish overnight (e.g., with new instruments/tools).

      1 reply 0 retweets 4 likes
    10. Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      (And again, to highlight what I mean by the effect of instruments/tools: I can teach undergrads with no coding experience how to make something like the NUKEMAP in about 4 mos. That is because tools+APIs+browsers+etc. have changed. Would have been impossible to do 20 years ago.)

      1 reply 0 retweets 2 likes
      Alex Wellerstein‏Verified account @wellerstein 9 Nov 2017
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      Replying to @wellerstein @jmkorhonen @NuclearAnthro

      (Doesn't mean tacit knowledge — experience and judgment, for example — doesn't exist. But it can be *dramatically* reduced as a barrier to entry to a given field/technical skill/etc.)

      5:00 AM - 9 Nov 2017
      • 2 Likes
      • Martin “Doomsday” Pfeiffer (⧖) 🏳️‍🌈 Janne M. Korhonen
      3 replies 0 retweets 2 likes
        1. New conversation
        2. Janne M. Korhonen‏ @jmkorhonen 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @wellerstein @NuclearAnthro

          Yes, totally agree with you, and if someone truly thinks tacit knowledge is some kind of perpetually effective proliferation barrier you have my permission to laugh at them :).

          1 reply 0 retweets 0 likes
        3. Joshua H. Pollack‏ @Joshua_Pollack 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @jmkorhonen @wellerstein @NuclearAnthro

          The need for tacit knowledge never goes away. But tech. change does seem to diminish its role systematically. Eg., CNC vs hand-machining.

          1 reply 0 retweets 0 likes
        4. Martin “Doomsday” Pfeiffer (⧖)  🏳️‍🌈‏ @NuclearAnthro 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @Joshua_Pollack @jmkorhonen @wellerstein

          Which tho dropping it doesn’t remove need for skilled practice and is only one part of an overall system of processes of articulating various skilled & automated material tasks into a useful “WMD”

          1 reply 0 retweets 2 likes
        5. Martin “Doomsday” Pfeiffer (⧖)  🏳️‍🌈‏ @NuclearAnthro 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @NuclearAnthro @Joshua_Pollack and

          Nuclear weapon designer’s idea of “judgment” is fascinating to think with tacit knowledge about. Especially in these latter days of the moratorium.

          1 reply 0 retweets 2 likes
        6. Martin “Doomsday” Pfeiffer (⧖)  🏳️‍🌈‏ @NuclearAnthro 9 Nov 2017
          • Report Tweet
          Replying to @NuclearAnthro @Joshua_Pollack and

          One of my former friends in Louisiana was a CNC machinist. His stories of training others to do so made to me clear that it isn’t plug and play. Still gotta have a skilled operator even if skill set diff than non-CNC machining.

          1 reply 0 retweets 2 likes
        7. Joshua H. Pollack‏ @Joshua_Pollack 9 Nov 2017
          • Report Tweet
          Replying to @NuclearAnthro @jmkorhonen @wellerstein

          Joshua H. Pollack Retweeted The Nonproliferation Review (NPR)

          Here’s another example: a new insight - a “recipe” - enabled small groups all over the world to replicate a new machine.https://twitter.com/thenonproreview/status/928643229364506624 …

          Joshua H. Pollack added,

          The Nonproliferation Review (NPR) @TheNonproReview
          Now online: R. Scott Kemp (@rscottkemp), Opening a proliferation Pandora’s box: the spread of the Soviet-type has centrifuge http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10736700.2017.1368649 …
          2 replies 0 retweets 2 likes
        8. Martin “Doomsday” Pfeiffer (⧖)  🏳️‍🌈‏ @NuclearAnthro 9 Nov 2017
          • Report Tweet
          Replying to @Joshua_Pollack @jmkorhonen @wellerstein

          Do you argue the technology & processes for making centrifuge cascades are “easier” than those for gas centrifuge?

          1 reply 0 retweets 0 likes
        9. Joshua H. Pollack‏ @Joshua_Pollack 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @NuclearAnthro @jmkorhonen @wellerstein

          Interesting question. It doesn’t seem to have been such a persistent hurdle, but you might ask someone who knows more about that.

          1 reply 0 retweets 0 likes
        10. 4 more replies
        1. Janne M. Korhonen‏ @jmkorhonen 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @wellerstein @NuclearAnthro

          The problem might be that it can be very difficult to tell in advance what the dual-use technologies actually are. E.g. in bioweapons, effective dispersal techniques may be learned from some totally unrelated field.

          0 replies 0 retweets 1 like
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        1. Janne M. Korhonen‏ @jmkorhonen 9 Nov 2017
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          Replying to @wellerstein @NuclearAnthro

          Of course it makes sense to be particularly careful when there is a known or suspected possibility for dual use. But the key problem remains political - technological hurdles have been possible to overcome for decades.

          0 replies 0 retweets 0 likes
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