80 years ago yesterday, Albert Einstein signed a letter written by him and Leo Szilard to FDR recommending that the US government pay more attention to new developments in atomic energy.pic.twitter.com/fAyfQT3sb4
Historian of science, secrecy, and nuclear weapons. Professor of STS at @FollowStevens. UC Berkeley alum with a Harvard PhD. NUKEMAP creator. Coder and web dev.
You can add location information to your Tweets, such as your city or precise location, from the web and via third-party applications. You always have the option to delete your Tweet location history. Learn more
Add this Tweet to your website by copying the code below. Learn more
Add this video to your website by copying the code below. Learn more
By embedding Twitter content in your website or app, you are agreeing to the Twitter Developer Agreement and Developer Policy.
| Country | Code | For customers of |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 40404 | (any) |
| Canada | 21212 | (any) |
| United Kingdom | 86444 | Vodafone, Orange, 3, O2 |
| Brazil | 40404 | Nextel, TIM |
| Haiti | 40404 | Digicel, Voila |
| Ireland | 51210 | Vodafone, O2 |
| India | 53000 | Bharti Airtel, Videocon, Reliance |
| Indonesia | 89887 | AXIS, 3, Telkomsel, Indosat, XL Axiata |
| Italy | 4880804 | Wind |
| 3424486444 | Vodafone | |
| » See SMS short codes for other countries | ||
This timeline is where you’ll spend most of your time, getting instant updates about what matters to you.
Hover over the profile pic and click the Following button to unfollow any account.
When you see a Tweet you love, tap the heart — it lets the person who wrote it know you shared the love.
The fastest way to share someone else’s Tweet with your followers is with a Retweet. Tap the icon to send it instantly.
Add your thoughts about any Tweet with a Reply. Find a topic you’re passionate about, and jump right in.
Get instant insight into what people are talking about now.
Follow more accounts to get instant updates about topics you care about.
See the latest conversations about any topic instantly.
Catch up instantly on the best stories happening as they unfold.
80 years ago yesterday, Albert Einstein signed a letter written by him and Leo Szilard to FDR recommending that the US government pay more attention to new developments in atomic energy.pic.twitter.com/fAyfQT3sb4
There are a lot of misconceptions about this letter, some of which can be resolved by just reading it. For example, it didn't actually recommend that the US build a nuclear weapon. Its recommendations are actually quite modest compared to what occurred:pic.twitter.com/F5Xv3zvfTt
Additionally, I don't really think it's right to say that this letter "started the Manhattan Project." I read "Manhattan Project" as "the US project to actually build a nuclear weapon." That didn't start until 1942, and its instigator was the UK's MAUD Report.pic.twitter.com/OeeshQYNsO
It's even been argued (by I.I. Rabi) that the Einstein-Szilard letter hampered the work in the US, by moving it too quickly into a slow regime of government secrecy, before the research was "mature."
I don't know about that, but the Uranium Committee, which the Einstein letter did spawn, was not the Manhattan Project by any definition, and would not have resulted in a nuclear weapon by the end of World War II had the UK not spurred the US to change the program dramatically.
I've written on the misconceptions that surround Einstein and the atomic bomb at some length a few years ago — his relevance and importance is vastly overstated on the whole. If he had never lived, I don't think it would have changed the timeline much.http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2014/06/27/bomb-without-einstein/ …
Which raises the interesting question: why do we always talk about Einstein as the instigation, and the importance of the Einstein letter?
I would just note that US gov't propaganda since 1945 has pushed the importance of Einstein, even including copies of the letter with the Smyth Report. The argument, I think, is pretty clear: if Einstein (a pacifist and genius) was supportive of the A-bomb, who could disagree?
Einstein himself was happy to take up that sense of importance and responsibility, to push his own political agenda — which included (ironically? maybe not) the abolition of nuclear weapons. http://umich.edu/~pugwash/Manifesto.html …
There’s also a powerful narrative about outsiders prodding the gov’t to imaginative action, which was powerful in UK too, leading to some big wastes of resources. My favorite:https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/operation-habbakuk-at-patricia-lake …
British science adviser Henry Tizard self-consciously opposed that kind of thinking and not coincidentally was pessimistic about the usefulness of fission to he war.
Twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup. Try again or visit Twitter Status for more information.