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Is this based on evidence? I exposed some of my friends (repeatedly and over time) to some methods of rational thinking and my explicit education seems to work.
In general, people are pretty bad at applying principles of learned material in dissimilar contexts unless directly instructed to do so. Caplan cites an example where only ~30% of subjects were able to solve a problem using the concept taught immediately prior:pic.twitter.com/8TiMXWaXfC
In real-world, non-lab settings you can expect even worse resultspic.twitter.com/j1fS7r1iQb
Good examples, thx
I didn't read these two links properly until this morning but I find them not too surprising and also not disheartening. As I was reading this first example, I could already imagine the transferred scenario before it was described…
However, I think that's because I'm a software engineer and I've been continuously solved to this kind of transfer problem probably hourly for most of my child and all my adult life! Not because I'm mega smart. I think it's lots of training to go looking for analogy.
This is why I wonder whether "it" being "a subject" would help. You can teach it as a toolkit, you can (hopefully) get kids excited about the "super power" they'll get if they practice at it. You can let them learn the ideas in different domains that interest them. Etc.
(And to defend people, the cited transfer problem is not trivial? As described, subjects need geometric ideas about overlapping radiation dose from different angles summing at overlap, which plenty of people might not have significant familiarity with I think).
So, I guess I find the study here flawed? The example A doesn't really teach how to approach B, imho. Perhaps the important "learning" is the idea radiation could be applied from many direction to get overlap.
Eg – I bet that if you got subjects to play with spotlights in a dark room, and got them used to the idea of combining light at a point, and then asked them to solve the radiation scenario, they'd come to a solution to administering the overlapping doses.
In this experiment it seems like the task of transfer is a very symbolic one (like the kind of transfers frequently studied in early AI and strongly critiqued by Douglas Hofstadter). The "knowledge" you need, I think, is the geometric thinking.
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