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Answer is animals usually go for specific prey, because that's a better feeding strategy than trying to eat anything at all. Disutility of injury or death >> utility of one meal. This is why even powerful predators are cautious around unexpected stimuli.
But the large species that do encounter humans quite frequently (because they approach shorelines) actually have a pretty diverse diet — ex: white sharks are known to eat fish, turtles, aquatic mammals, even birds
It seems to me that the injury risk explanation would be stronger if it were true that sharks very rarely bit humans, but upon biting continued to feed unless deterred by an attack in response. But it's hard to say unless you know where the selection pressure comes from
It could be that bite is to get taste, shark expects a known taste. But when it tastes something unfamiliar is confused/cautious. Maybe sharks map our taste onto the closest familiar taste, i.e. marine mammals, plus large-ish size => dolphins, not safe to eat?
Maybe they have innate/hardcoded instincts for each common prey type. Humans only arrived fairly recently in most parts of the world, and human pop density was very low anyway so no time to evolve instinct to eat us. 10 million years eating turtles vs 10k for us. Big diff!
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