Articulating the ineffable. Programming language theory 
cognitive psychology. PhD @Stanford
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I feel like ECS is a hacky workaround for a language’s lack of extensible records in the same way the “visitor pattern” is a hacky workaround for a language’s lack of algebraic data types and pattern matching. Or is there something else there?
I’ve never seen a language with extensible records, so can’t say 100%. I searched and found Elm, but it just lets you define type aliases. You would need structural subtyping to make that work as traits do. Are you thinking of a specific lang?
Also, I don’t think the visitor pattern is a hack. Rustc code base uses visitors for ADTs. Visitors with default behavior mean if ADT adds a new variant, existing visitors don’t break which is valuable sometimes. Visitor vs match is open vs closed.
And for ECS, it’s a dynamic way of extending records. It’s hacky in the same way dynamic typing is. Basically just means every object becomes a Map<TypeId, Type>. But you could conceptually do the extensible stuff statically with enough language support.
The most experience I have is with OCaml: OCaml’s object system can be used as extensible records but they’re a bit limited because you aren’t allowed to refer to the row variable. I’ve heard Purescript does a really good job with their extensible records as well.
The best use of OCaml’s objects for this: GraphQL serverhttps://github.com/andreas/ocaml-graphql-server …
Clojure Protocols?
Checkout Piccola lang: http://scg.unibe.ch/research/piccola … Though I am not sure why they had to make use of channels for the coordination mechanism and whether it is orthogonal to the idea of extending records.
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