Maybe any sufficiently high-tech product is a natural monopoly or duopoly.
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Only if artificial limits are set to interoperability. Cars are high tech enough, but interface is free to implement, etc.
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Not so long as their are other brilliant engineers who can reverse engineer it, and regulation isn't too egregious #ShouldersOfGiants
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The economics of R&D make it so. Duopoly feels like a structure for wasteful rivalry. jstor.org/stable/2233511.
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IP concerns aside, eventually people find ways to commodify the tech or it dies. Space shuttles might be commodified, Concorde died.




