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6/ So there is rigorous case to be made for distinguishing predictable, ordinary surges (rush hour) and emergency conditions
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7/ It is not fundamentally a "moral" question about whether surge pricing is "fair." It is a practical question of logistics.
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8/ You can rigorously quantify hazard/risk/ability-to-pay asymmetries and define thresholds that identify "emergencies"
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9/ Once you've quantitatively bounded "emergency conditions", how do you design a market mechanism to deal with it?
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10/ First, you can expect supply to increase out of altruistisms, rather than just financial motives. So you can surge to a lower price
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11/ Second, you can tweak the dispatching system. Instead of a FIFO queue, explicitly create a moral luck game weighted by urgency of need
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12/ Once system has detected "emergency" conditions, people can hail with an urgency level indication as in "I broke my leg"
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13/ Of course this can be gamed (think evil Billy Zane character in Titanic). But burden of proof mechanisms are possible.
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14/ For example, hail a rideshare along with a photo of broken leg to get higher priority. And driver can say "screw you" if you lied.
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