What’s the most multinational state? Not as in including a lot of component nations, but as in most open borders and most liberal rules around dual citizenship, offshore finances/taxes, residency etc?
Seems like Portugal and Canada are top contenders. Any in the global south?
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If you exclude education and employment based pathways to PR/citizenship as too competitive, the basic measure is wealth qualification level for investor/property owner type pathways
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I'm curious what drives this. I would naively expect higher per-capita wealth to do it, in that open borders are more useful for the rich. Monaco, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg , Singapore, and Ireland top that list:
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I suspect demographic decline… a population of oldies is unsustainable. That’s the big driver for Portugal
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IIRC both Cyprus and Malta are European countries making it easy to buy citizenship. Lots of semi-legal operators use these arrangements, which is the strongest proof that it works. Open borders for large sums of money isn't perfect but it's fair.
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Portugal and Canada sound like the ones that expose the most attractive sounding rules to people who already have pretty useful passports, rather than the ones who actually bring more people in and get them to work. Singapore sounds more credible, but also look at stats not rules




