From the context, I suspect that Peirce was using the term "address" in the 1840s sense--"personal address." Which connects to his point that New England Transcendentalism was more of a formative cultural experience than a set of consciously evaluated ideas.
"[Peirce's first wife] Zina...was 'a romantic, strong-minded, and puritan feminist intellectual, one of a growing group in and around Cambridge and Boston...'"
"Puritan feminist intellectual."
The modern university culture of the 1880s could not follow this way of thinking and behaving. The communication breakdown made the so-called pragmatists conscious of the fact that they had a common and overriding identity.