What is the best catch-all term for the “formalisms” that make up specific traditions—such as shaking hands, signatures, specific legal procedures, etc?
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speech acts if they have consequences, phatic speech if they’re ceremonial. Including body language.
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Yes... and can fall into either category. There are contexts where a handshake is a contract or a truce agreement (ie speech act) and ones where it;s a gestural greeting like “Hi!” A complex handshake is a password.

