I'm a programmer. In programs, these placements of the punctuation mark mean *completely* different things and I feel it in writing as well. When the punctuation belongs to the quoted text, I put it inside. When it belongs to the surrounding context, I put it outside.
I violate it rather systematically. That is, I "do what makes sense", which usually conflicts with the rule, which demands inserting into quotations punctuation which has no part in what is quoted.
If I were to write to an engineer, "The button should say 'Get started.'", I could get a period in the button label. This is why I can't follow that rule.