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It's funny how people think a post-apocalyptic landscape will be relatively flat socioeconomically. At most they think there will be small-scale warlords or Dunbar-scale anarchist communes. No. There will be deathstar billionaires with private armies and narrow-deep tech stacks.
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Raw materials are likely to be a limitation here. Even if all the factories in your stack are in the same place (behind the same wall, protected by the same army) you still need your bottom level inputs.
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The modern tech stack has developed around global trade. Just like there are certain intermediate or finished products that are mostly only made in one place globally, the global tech stack allows some raw materials to come from one or two places globally.
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You’ll probably also miss out on economies of scale. I heard that all the window glass in the US comes from one factory. Assume that’s true. How much more expensive would it be to make make window glass for one small-ish city? Could it even support one small factory?
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Lots of refactoring needed, but economies of scale are about learning rather than scale. Once the learning is complete, you can actually scale down. A lot more steel is now made in mini-steel plants (electric arc furnaces) than integrated large scale ones for example.
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In general you're right that process industries tend to get bigger and bigger, more and more centralized, but after the learning is done, that's typically because of a volume profitability model, not fundamental efficiency