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Stories like Icarus, Prometheus in Greek tradition and similar ones in other cultures date to that era. Fear+obey are 2 sides of same coin I’d say. By Axial Age the challenges had given way to obedience.
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Yes but as a lesson drawn from a failed challenge. In Axial age mythologies the challenges pretty much shut down. Maps to empires and god-kings getting too powerful to even think of resisting.