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timkmak's profile
Tim Mak
Tim Mak
Tim Mak
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@timkmak

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Tim MakVerified account

@timkmak

NPR Washington Investigative Correspondent Author of 'MISFIRE: Inside the Downfall of the NRA' Covering politics/natsec/tech Also EMT Contact: See URL

Washington, DC
timkmak.com
Joined December 2008

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    Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

    THREAD - History doesn't repeat itself, but it rhymes: a thread about the **Anti-Mask League** of 1919. I'm not kidding I went HAM researching this So, starting in Sept 2018 San Francisco suffered from Spanish Flu pandemic. Initial mask wearing was good -- around 80 percent

    11:10 AM - 19 Apr 2020
    • 23,385 Retweets
    • 45,204 Likes
    • IrishForNewDealPolicies JosephNYC Mar Ian Deppermann, de R2G2-Droide Bjarni Andre_ADM Dylan Palacio Roni P. 🏳️‍🌈 Brandon 🏳️‍🌈
    951 replies 23,385 retweets 45,204 likes
      1. New conversation
      2. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        By November cases were down, and public health officials recommended re-opening the city. Residents rushed to entertainment venues after having been denied this communal joy for months. The Mayor himself was fined by his own police chief after going to a show without a mask.

        16 replies 740 retweets 5,752 likes
        Show this thread
      3. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        But a second wave surged in Dec 1918, and SF's Health Officer again urged people to wear masks voluntarily Left to their own devices, most citizens - by one count 90 % - refused to wear masks. Businesses, concerned about Christmas sales, opposed. So did Culinary Workers union

        10 replies 815 retweets 5,332 likes
        Show this thread
      4. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        San Francisco residents were fed up. This was the second wave of the pandemic, and they had already spent months between Sept and Nov being hassled, fined and even arrested for not having a mask on. Challenges of constitutionality were heard.

        9 replies 598 retweets 4,824 likes
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      5. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        Christian Scientists objected, arguing that it was "subversive of personal liberty and constitutional rights." Civil libertarians argued that if health officials could force them to wear masks, then it could force them to inoculate "or any experiment or indignity."

        20 replies 597 retweets 4,658 likes
        Show this thread
      6. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        The San Francisco Chronicle turned against the notion of mandatory masks. Was the death rate high enough to justify remasking? Wasn't this just the return of normal seasonal colds? How much was this due to a public 'scare' and hype?

        5 replies 533 retweets 4,478 likes
        Show this thread
      7. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        An op-ed ran in the local paper w/headline ‘What’s The Use?’ after a man got sick despite following public health guidelines. A promised vaccine turned out to be bogus 100s of citizens congregated on Dec 16 to debate a masking order.

        3 replies 473 retweets 4,115 likes
        Show this thread
      8. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        On Dec. 18 someone had sent what appeared to be an improvised explosive device to San Francisco's public health official signed, 'Compliments from John.' (!!!) The story via historian Alfred W. Crosby:pic.twitter.com/HgE9K5J46p

        4 replies 485 retweets 3,965 likes
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      9. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        San Francisco’s Public Health Officer stuck by his guns, refusing to back down, and saying there was evidence that masks helped! He implored the public to look to the data! Wear masks! They help! More via Crosby:pic.twitter.com/i9lI6cxCHY

        8 replies 545 retweets 4,467 likes
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      10. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        But the public declined to listen to SF's Public Health Officer. On Dec 19, officials voted down a mandatory mask order. “The dollar sign is exalted above the health sign," sighed the public health officer. By far the worst day of flu/pneumonia deaths followed on Dec 30

        8 replies 896 retweets 5,634 likes
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      11. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        Flu got worse in San Francisco when masking was voluntary. A representative of organized labor relented: "It is of no time to quibble over the worth of the mask. It is the best thing we have found to date, and if you have anything better, for God's sake, give it to us."

        3 replies 676 retweets 5,126 likes
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      12. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        So on Jan 10, 1919 local officials voted to approve a new mandatory mask order after 600 new cases were reported that day. Citizens were arrested/fined for not having masks on, but widespread disobedience of the order continue & large numbers of citizens refused to wear masks.

        6 replies 537 retweets 4,297 likes
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      13. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        Protests continued: Over 2,000 people attended an event formed by San Franciscans called themselves 'THE ANTI-MASK LEAGUE,' denouncing the mandatory masking ordinance The gathering was of "public spirited citizens, skeptical physicians and fanatics," writes historian Crosby

        12 replies 630 retweets 4,324 likes
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      14. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        Moderates in the Anti-Mask League wanted to circulate an anti-mask petition. Extremists wanted to initiate recall proceedings of SF's Public Health Officer. Chaos broke out until someone shouted, "I rented this hall and now I'm going to turn out the lights." (Mak note: lol)

        3 replies 393 retweets 4,114 likes
        Show this thread
      15. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        The San Francisco Public Health Officer was a man named Dr. William C. Hassler. Think of him as the 1919 Dr. Fauci. Ignored by those who didn't want to believe the data, threatened with violence, Hassler was conscientious and performed his job with distinction

        17 replies 593 retweets 4,775 likes
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      16. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        I haven’t read anything about how many people became sick DUE to the Anti-Mask League event, where 1000s gathered to protest without masks. So we may not know how many people, if any, became sick due to this congregation But safe to say it was not helpful during pandemic

        10 replies 411 retweets 3,916 likes
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      17. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        On Jan 17, the day the masking ordinance went into effect, the # of new cases/deaths declined, the first decline in quite some time. This continued until the epidemic faded, a signal that the mask ordinance had helped wipe out the Spanish Flu in San Francisco

        15 replies 620 retweets 4,359 likes
        Show this thread
      18. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        Of course, the SF Public Health Officer -- the 1919 version of Dr. Fauci, got no credit for the decline in influenza cases. People continued to gripe about the masking even after the pandemic had been stalled by it

        8 replies 477 retweets 4,337 likes
        Show this thread
      19. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        No one seemed to credit masking for the success of blunting the Spanish Flu in San Francisco -- because, well, the crisis faded due to its success "Rarely has the evidence in support of a scientific hypothesis been more overwhelming and more deceiving," writes historian Crosby

        12 replies 706 retweets 5,082 likes
        Show this thread
      20. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        Ultimately San Francisco was one of the American cities hardest hit by the Spanish Flu. 673 per 100,000 people died during the pandemic due to influenza and pneumonia, per U of Michigan. 50K cases total and 3,500 were killed, per Crosby.

        15 replies 490 retweets 3,789 likes
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      21. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        PHOTO: Masks being worn by players during a baseball game, in newspaper Mar 1, 1919 via The Independent https://books.google.com/books?id=1VusiXy6QQEC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&dq=%22anti+mask+league%22+san+francisco&source=bl&ots=WIWilmaTBe&sig=ACfU3U3tTb8-TXypLTpYYkWN9zV3mVi7lA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQoaL0p_PoAhXxlnIEHZkjA0oQ6AEwEHoECBwQNQ#v=onepage&q=%22anti%20mask%20league%22%20san%20francisco&f=false …pic.twitter.com/fbII75pUp3

        28 replies 961 retweets 4,967 likes
        Show this thread
      22. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        The 1918/1919 protests against mask wearing and other public health measures have parallels to today We learn through this episode that various groups of Americans have been pushing back against public health measures for more than a hundred years -- and for similar reasons!!

        24 replies 892 retweets 5,048 likes
        Show this thread
      23. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        In learning about the Anti-Mask League of 1919, we see many of the same human elements as today: a portion of the population resistant to the measures; a business community crying out for relief; a second wave after an initial loosening; threats to public health officials

        26 replies 1,366 retweets 5,684 likes
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      24. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        This is essentially a report that I pieced together by reading sources after getting curious about the 1919 Anti-Mask League. Any mistakes are my own. I started by drafting a few tweets and then spent an hour and a half researching it last night. One thing led to another...

        40 replies 390 retweets 4,384 likes
        Show this thread
      25. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 19 Apr 2020

        SOURCES: The University of Michigan's Influenza Encyclopedia The San Francisco Chronicle’s archives America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918 by Alfred W. Crosby American Pandemic by Nancy Bristow /END THREAD

        302 replies 611 retweets 6,855 likes
        Show this thread
      26. Tim Mak‏Verified account @timkmak 8 May 2020

        I went on the @NPREmbedded podcast to talk at length about the 1918/1919 Anti-Mask League in San Francisco! You can listen to it doqn below, or read about it in the thread up above:https://open.spotify.com/episode/62PeZgLLZuBUHynDmDoxqg …

        8 replies 28 retweets 139 likes
        Show this thread
      27. End of conversation

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