454. InSight launched toward Mars on May 5, 2018, aboard a @ulalaunch Atlas V-401 rocket, the same type used to launch the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter satellite back in 2005.pic.twitter.com/baYnNu10et
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465. InSight was designed to hunt for "marsquakes" to help us understand if there is still geologic activity going on inside the Red Planet. Until very recently, it was thought that Mars was dead inside—no signs of volcanic activity, no magnetic field...pic.twitter.com/t4Ena8f5qx
466. ...but InSight has detected over 300 marsquakes so far! Some were as strong as magnitude 4, which would feel like a large truck driving by. Some of these have been traced back to a fracture-ridden area called the Cerberus Fossae.pic.twitter.com/LvlmmIG0rI
467. Cerberus Fossae may be one of the youngest fault zones on Mars, so tracing marsquakes back to here is a big deal because it suggests the area is still active! More info from @WeiPoints over on @NatGeo:https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/12/first-active-fault-system-found-mars2/ …
468. Impact events (meteorites smashing into the surface of Mars) can be another source of marsquakes. They should be distinguishable from seismic activity *inside* of Mars however based on the frequency of the vibrations.pic.twitter.com/NhkAVGpiML
469. In addition to "hearing" the wind with its seismometer, InSight also picked up the sounds of martian winds with its air pressure sensor:https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/22204/sounds-from-insights-pressure-sensor-on-mars/ …
470. InSight's air pressure sensor is part of an instrument suite measuring the weather at its landing site in Elysium Planitia. You can check the weather there for yourself on a regular basis! https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/weather/ …pic.twitter.com/OIEUkkmKkL
471. The Curiosity rover also sends back regular weather updates thanks to its suite of atmospheric monitoring sensors: https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/spacecraft/instruments/rems/ …pic.twitter.com/FkrZ7KvpQ9
472. There's a nice dashboard of sorts on the revamped NASA Mars program website that gives you a snapshot of the recent weather, news, images, and current distance from the sun: https://mars.nasa.gov pic.twitter.com/On28iazKjw
473. Back to InSight again: The other main deployed instrument is called HP^3, the Heat Flow & Physical Properties Package. It's like a thermometer, designed to measure heat coming from the interior of Mars.pic.twitter.com/8BvBCmJTqb
474. InSight's heat flow probe was deployed in the same mall-stuffed-animal-crane way as the seismometer. Here's a view of the actual deployment from the lander's Instrument Deployment Camera + Instrument Context Camera.pic.twitter.com/cgYceFcBTC
475. The deployments make me think of Kirby...and for InSight's heat flow probe, things would later turn out to be just as frustrating.pic.twitter.com/QTDO6Api3h
476. @DwayneFuhlhage asked me to unscience the InSight diagram from #456 so here you go. ##unscienceaspacethingpic.twitter.com/eWp1kx3Bdu
477. I unscienced the geography of Mars awhile back too:https://twitter.com/tanyaofmars/status/1091077134464892928?s=20 …
478. Back to InSight's heat flow probe: It was designed to "burrow" down to about 5 metres deep into the ground using a self-hammering mechanism called the mole.pic.twitter.com/ZzbM7Ek2R0
479. For a really great graphical (and comical!) view of the goals of InSight and the mole, check out the brilliant full comic from @oatmeal here: https://theoatmeal.com/comics/insight pic.twitter.com/n6lfYdO6wN
480. Alas, InSight's mole got stuck only 30 cm down in its first attempt to burrow.
Scientists & engineers worked to figure out why: Did it hit a boulder? An empty void in the dirt? Was the dirt just weird in an unexpected way?
(This is what exploration is all about!)pic.twitter.com/sSYOGLbGGS
481. The lander engineers tried using InSight's arm to help get the mole going downward again. It seemed to be working at first...until Mars partially burped the probe back out. Like a cat at the vet, I guess Mars didn't want its temperature taken.pic.twitter.com/K2EaurF9qU
482. Strategizing on other ways to get the mole working again are still underway, but this process has taught us a lot! @NASA has a good Q&A about the probe here:https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8444/common-questions-about-insights-mole/ …
483. Another instrument aboard InSight is RISE—the Rotation & Interior Structure Experiment. It consists of a set of antennae on either side of the lander, precisely tracking its location each day. Why would we need this if it's a lander that's not going anywhere? Read on...pic.twitter.com/G3HwLM7rMM
484. By precisely measuring where InSight is, RISE tracks how much Mars "wobbles" in its orbit around the Sun. This in turn helps reveal info on the interior structure of Mars—the size of its core, and whether it's liquid (like ours) or solid. (Image: IPGP/David Ducros)pic.twitter.com/Q35KbxQANy
485. Two CubeSats hitched a ride to Mars with InSight, called MarCO. We talked about these earlier in this thread (see #299), but that was pre-launch. They ended up being successful in their mission acting as comms relays during InSight's landing—the 1st interplanetary CubeSats!pic.twitter.com/ZfPC82iAnw
486. The two MarCO (short for "Mars Cube One") satellites were nicknamed WALL-E and EVE.
pic.twitter.com/iUkkX2xKwz
487. The MarCO CubeSats were equipped with tiny, commercial off-the-shelf cameras from @gumstix. They weren't part of the main goals of the mission, but returned some cool retro-looking images & showed these inexpensive cams could work in deep space!pic.twitter.com/pfyAtp4PHV
488. After flying past Mars during InSight's landing as planned, the MarCO CubeSats continued to operate for a little over a month before contact was lost (which was expected). They're now orbiting the Sun silently, but could wake up this summer if they get enough solar juice.pic.twitter.com/B8N0pskYck
489. And the cool thing about the MarCO sats? They're huggable-sized. Airplane carry-on sized. Corgi-sized. JUST LOOK HOW ADORABLY SMALL THEY ARE!pic.twitter.com/0KyNVZPLxJ
490. InSight (+ MarCO) was NASA's first interplanetary mission to launch from Vandenberg in California, rather than Cape Canaveral. @DJSnM has a great @KSpaceAcademy-filled video on why this was the case:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5FIhHm47Cc …
491. Let's pick this up again today with MAVEN: the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission. This was the first mission designed to specifically study the martian atmosphere.pic.twitter.com/3iIpMY0KRg
492. Since it's made to study Mars' atmosphere, MAVEN is unique in that it doesn't have any specific surface-imaging cameras like every other satellite at Mars carries. Instead it has a UV imager, which helps water-ice and dust clouds stand out: https://mars.nasa.gov/news/nasas-maven-mission-gives-unprecedented-ultraviolet-view-of-mars/ …pic.twitter.com/EDAAllytAB
493. MAVEN launched to Mars on November 18, 2013—which I attended as part of an amazing #NASASocial and reporting for The Planetary Society. This was MAVEN on the pad the night before leaving Earth.pic.twitter.com/oHVIpdOkDg
494. Pics of spacecraft doing their thing in space are always cool. This is a MAVEN "selfie" with part of the spacecraft visible in front of Mars. The dark spot near the top is the giant Olympus Mons volcano.pic.twitter.com/GDixnhnp1g
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