more: "I still applaud Google for effort, the mobile industry is in the midst of a major shift and Android is an embodiment of that shift"
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Google: Admit that in May 2007 Sun released the code for Java SE under GNU GPL with the Classpath Exception as part of the OpenJDK project.
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Oracle: Admitted.
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Google: Admit that Oracle continues to release the code for Java SE under GPLv2+CE. Oracle: Admitted.
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Owen Astrachan has begun his testimony. Professor of comp science at Duke. Google said earlier he'll testify as to transformative fair use
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Astrachan says he wrote his first program in BASIC in 1973.
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First learned Java in 1995 so he could teach it, read books and online sources.
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Says Java relatively straightforward to learn, bc "conceptually it was similar to C++ and the APIs were similar to C and C++ as well"
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Astrachan is an expert witness retained by Google.
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Google asked him to look at the 37 API package labels in this case and to develop opinions on how they're used on the Android platform.
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He says Google "created a new context" for the 37 API labels, creating a new implementation. (mentions also using C++ API labels?)
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Says that Android use of API labels was "short and functional," and the APIs were a very small part of the JavaSE platform.
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Also notes that Java is the #1 programming language in the world.
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It's great when people chime in with stuff like this
https://twitter.com/robkeeney0/status/732258437392957440 …Ce Tweet est indisponible. -
Astrachan showing a slide with a diagram that compares Compiled Approach vs. Interpreted Approach
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"Computer languages are much closer to each other than, say, if I already knew Spanish, it would be hard to learn Chinese..."
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Says this is because the APIs are similar.
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Gives a concrete example of how the API makes programming easier.
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Specifically, can access thru API "thousands of lines of implementing code that lets you 'open webpage'"
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* FWIW I thought this was really easy to understand.
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Jury goes back and forth between looking at his face and looking at slides.
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Current slide shows three cars (a bug, a truck, a convertible) gathered up in a bracket } and then a steering, accelerator, and brake
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The wheel, accelerator, and brake are labeled "API"
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Alsup interrupts. Wants clarification on API, declaring code, labels, and implementing code.
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Astrachan: API as a term is reasonably broad. Could refer to API services, implementing code.
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He says he's saying "API labels" to be very clear that he's referring to the declaring code.
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He says he will try not to use "API" in a general way and that that is confusing.
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Now showing code, marking up which part is the implementing code and which is the declaring label.
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Astrachan: The implementing code sgown in gray is "step by step instructions that gets executed as 0s and 1s when I call that label."
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Now describing what a library is.
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