Sāmapriẏa Basu [ˈs̠ämoppɹiʲo ˈbos̠u]

@samopriya

PhD student in probability and statistics at UNC–Chapel Hill. Interested in linguistics (especially Indo-Iranian). Knows Ossetic.

Vrijeme pridruživanja: lipanj 2019.

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  1. Prikvačeni tweet

    I just learned yesterday that the Graßmann of Grassmann's Law in Indo-European historical linguistics and the Graßmann from geometry (Grassmannian, exterior algebræ etc.) are one and the same 🤯

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  2. The Sanskrit root √vr̥ṣ वृष् for 'rain' is related to a root for 'water', √vār वार्, thus, relating to Iranic words for 'rain': Ossetic warɨn уарын Persian bārān باران Kurdish baran Pashto worédəl ووريدل ('to rain') Another cognate from the same IE root is Latin ūrīna.

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  3. Finally, vahərāt ('rainy season'). Śāradā 𑆮𑆲𑆫𑆳𑆠𑇀 Dēvanāgarī वहॅरात् Nasta3līq وَۂرات The vah- is probably from the same root of words for 'rain' in Sanskrit, √vr̥ṣ वृष्, and rāt रात् means 'night' in Kashmiri, from Sanskrit rā́tri रात्रि॑. Hence, 'rainy night'.

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  4. The suggested etymology of vandɨ ('winter') looks the shakiest to me. Śāradā 𑆮𑆤𑇀𑆢𑆶 Dēvanāgarī वन्दॖ Nasta3līq وَندٕٛ This one, Morgenstierne derives from an unattested OIA *r̥tuvanta *ऋतुवन्त, i.e., 'end of seasons', from r̥tú ऋ॒तु ('season') and ánta अन्त॑ ('end').

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  5. On the other hand, -kōl -कोल् is the form kāl काल् ('time, death') takes in forming compounds, and is from Sanskrit kālá का॒ल. Thus, retɨkōl is probably a compound with parts meaning 'season' and 'time'. How that came to mean 'summer' is a question I haven't found an answer to.

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  6. The pieces of retɨkōl ('summer') are easily discernable, though not its meaning. Śāradā 𑆉𑆠𑆶𑆑𑆾𑆬𑇀 Dēvanāgarī ऋऺतॖकोल् Nasta3līq ریٚتٕکول In modern Kashmiri, ret ऋऺत् translates to 'month', but probably derives from the Sanskrit word for 'season', that is, r̥tú ऋ॒तु.

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  7. Less clear are things for sō̃t ('spring'). Śāradā 𑆱𑆾𑆀𑆠𑇀 Dēvanāgarī सोँत् Nasta3līq سوںت One might posit that sō̃t comes from Sanskrit vasantá वस॒न्त, with the first syllable dropping out, but that long vowel needs explaining.

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  8. The etymology of seasons are quite interesting. Some are easy to figure out. For example, harud ('autumn'). Śāradā 𑆲𑆫𑆶𑆢𑇀 Dēvanāgarī हरुद् Nasta3līq ہَرُد Kashmiri harud, quite obviously, derives from Sanskrit śarád श॒रद्, showing the characteristic ś → h change.

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  9. What?! This is disgusting. Children are being punished for speaking their own language.

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  10. The Bhadrawahi-Bhalesi sub-group, presumably under Tibetic influence, retroflexed and merged br-, dr- and gr- clusters to ḍ͡ḷ-, thus ḍ͡ḷāgʰ where other related lects have brāgʰ.

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  11. -Bhadrawahi is a member, shows evidence of metathesizing the final -r- to right after the initial v-. Thus, within West Pahari, Curahi brāhg, Koci brāgʰ &c. Compare these with Bengali bāgʰ, Nepali bāgʰ, Odia bāgʰå, Hindustani bāgʰ, Sindhi vāgʰu, Marathi vāgʰ, Sinhalese vaga &c.

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  12. faunal etymology! Bhadrawahi-Bhalesi ḍ͡ḷāgʰ 𑆝𑇀𑆬𑆳𑆔𑇀 = 'leopard, tiger', from OIA vyāgʰrá व्या॒घ्र = 'tiger' While most Indo-Aryan languages completely lost the -r- of vyāgʰrá in the MIA stage (Prakrit vaggʰa), the West Pahari group, of which Bhalesi-

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  13. Interestingly, Karachay-Balkar in the North Caucasus seems to have preserved the native Turkic word kıptı, uniquely among Western Turkic languages. Turkish, itself, uses the Arabic loan makas, from Arabic miqasˤsˤ (writing <sˤ> for the usual <ṣ>).

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  14. ... armies, which Siberian Turks and the Chuvash were not part of. Altaicists link Proto-Mongolic *kaiçi and its descendants to Proto-Turkic *kıptu which does have reflexes in Sibrian Turkic, e.g., Yakut kıptııy, Dolgan kıptıy (but Tuvan haçı, since close to Mongolic territory).

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  15. ... characteristic sound changes (such as Bashkir <s> for Volga Tatar <ç>). In contrast, Siberian Turkic languages and Chuvash show no cognate indicating that the loaning from Mongolian must have taken place at the time of the major Turkic expansions as part of Mongolian ...

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  16. *kaiçi was probably loaned into Turkic quite early, as it's found in most Central Asian and Middle Eastern Turkic languages: Azerbaijani qayçı Turkmen gaýçy Volga Tatar qayçı Bashkir qaysı Kyrgyz qayçı Kazakh qaıshy Karakalpak qayshı Uzbek qaychi Uyghur qayça even showing ...

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  17. word of the day! qa͜incī = 'scissors', loaned from Persian qeyči, from some Turkic source (compare Azerbaijani qayçı), ultimately from some Mongolic reflex of Proto-Mongolic *kaiçi, whence modern Mongolian hayç In other scripts: Dēvanāgarī क़ैंची Nasta3līq قینچی

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  18. Cognates in other languages include: Bengali kapoṛ কাপড় Assamese kapŏr কাপোৰ Hindustani kapṛā कपड़ा کَپڑا Punjabi kappṛā ਕੱਪੜਾ کَپّڑا Sindhi kapaṛu ਕਪੜੁ कपड़ु ڪَپَڙُ Marwari kapṛō कपड़ो Gujarati kapəḍ કાપડ Konkani kapḍō ಕಪಡೋ कपडो Kashmiri kapur 𑆑𑆥𑆶𑆫𑇀 कपुर् کَپُر

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  19. word of the day! xafor ꠇꠣꠙꠞ = 'cloth', from OIA karpaṭa कर्पट = 'patched garment', through MIA kappaḍa 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟, and Proto-Sylheti *kapåṛ The -paṭa in the OIA source might be an early Munda loan into Indo-Aryan according to Turner's etymological dictionary.

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  20. etymologies! фараст farast = 'nine', a compound that can be traced back to Proto-Iranian *pāra- and *aštā́, thus etymologically, 'beyond eight'. The inherited Indo-European root for 'nine', survives in нудӕс nudæs ('nineteen') and нӕуӕдз næwæʒ ('ninety').

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  21. As a learner of minority languages, I just don't get why people fail to understand that no language is "useful" or "useless" in vacuum. They have to be made useful and relevant by promoting them. The way to make Welsh a not-"not-very-widely-spoken" language is to speak it!!

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