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s_r_constantin's profile
Sarah Constantin
Sarah Constantin
Sarah Constantin
@s_r_constantin

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Sarah Constantin

@s_r_constantin

Math/ML/data-science person now working on solving aging...and helping with COVID19?! Founder, LRI and Daphnia Labs. Married to @oscredwin

Be
srconstantin.posthaven.com
Joined February 2019

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    1. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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      Stuff I learned from @jenngarrison about her work in studying female reproductive biology and the neuroscience of aging:

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    2. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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      We don’t know what signals menopause to happen! We don’t know why it’s so incredibly variable (it can last anywhere from two to ten years, and happen anywhere from your thirties to your fifties.)

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      Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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      We know some of these features of menopause are heritable, but we don’t have any human biobanked datasets that include records of menopause symptoms or menstrual cycles so we can correlate them with biomarkers.

      7:54 AM - 19 Dec 2019
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      • Natália Mendonça halvorz ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ Adam Strandberg
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        2. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          Mice don’t have true menopause, which makes it hard to study in the lab; just removing the ovaries causes some menopause-like symptoms but it’s not an exact model. The only species besides humans who go through menopause are some whales and monkeys.

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        3. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          (And are there biobanks full of whale tissue and whale ovaries at various ages? There are not. It’s probably easier to get hold of a human tissue sample than a whale’s.)

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        4. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          But mouse researchers aren’t off the hook! Female mice do, at least, have menstrual cycles; and researchers don’t routinely stage them by day in their cycle! We obviously see greater female than male variability in hormones & gene expression — but it’s not correlated to cycle!

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        5. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          Also it’s not routine for doctors to note date of last period in medical records, so we don’t have anywhere enough data on which medical conditions are cyclical. Did you know most women’s psych admissions are during menopause or the premenstrual phase of the cycle?

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        6. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          I <3 the Tabula Muris with its single-cell transcriptomics data on old and young mice — but you know what tissue they don’t have? Ovarian.

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        7. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          Has anyone taken a cervical swab for every day of a mouse’s cycle (it’s only four days long!) and tracked transcriptional or proteomics changes to find out what pathways have periodicity on that scale? The Garrison lab is doing it now — but nobody has before!

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        8. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          Does anybody even *stage their f’in female mice* in experiments so they can be stratified by menstrual phase? They do not.

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        9. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          On a slight tangent: we also do not know what signals the onset of birth contractions. (No, it’s not just oxytocin, that’s a peripheral signal to smooth muscle at the very end of the process. The cervix is softening up for weeks before. Which is why induced labor kicks so much!)

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        10. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          The master switch for female reproductive changes, as for most hormones, is in the hypothalamus. And the cool thing is that we can stick a tiny camera in there, in an awake mouse, and track neuronal activity, and even turn specific clusters on and off with optogenetics.

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        11. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          You can do all kinds of freaky things by stimulating different parts of the hypothalamus: make a mouse drink, make it lose or gain weight, alter sexual activity, etc.

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        12. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          And of course a lot of these hypothalamic responses get disrupted with age, and you can delay aging by manipulating the hypothalamus (eg heating it makes mice live longer!)

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        13. Sarah Constantin‏ @s_r_constantin 19 Dec 2019
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          so similar methods are probably usable to understand how female reproductive function is regulated and changes with age (albeit not true menopause; you're not going to get to drill holes in healthy women's skulls For Science.)

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        14. End of conversation

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