if / fi — start/end of a conditional block (Bash) case / esac — start/end of a pattern match (Bash) od / do — start/end point of an action (Polish)
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Polish has huge amounts of seemingly-arbitrary grammar complexity that we're not accustomed to... it's ridiculous sometimes. In English, most of the complexity seems to be in converting between letters and sounds.
I think it would be possible to speak intelligible (but egregiously bad) Polish about as easily as, say, German, but it's just never taught that way because any native Polish teacher's ears would hurt so much they would be forced to correct the inconsequential errors.
