There are 100 prisoners, numbered 1-100. The prisoners' numbers are written onto 100 cards, put randomly into 100 envelopes numbered 1-100. They can't communicate, but are invited, one by one, to open 50 envelopes. If any prisoner fails to find his number, they all get killed.
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The solution is basically maximising the shareable information available to all the prisoners in a way which negates the "one prisoner loses, you all lose" rule by choosing a strategy which does that anyway.
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What happens if one of the envelopes contains its own number (envelope #5 says go to envelope #5)?
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