There are 100 prisoners, numbered 1-100. The prisoners' numbers are written onto 100 cards, put randomly into 100 envelopes numbered 1-100. They can't communicate, but are invited, one by one, to open 50 envelopes. If any prisoner fails to find his number, they all get killed.
I should clarify: Each prisoner can see which numbers are in the fifty envelopes each is allowed to open. (And they therefore know the other fifty numbers are distributed among the other fifty envelopes.)
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Is there some Monty Hall-esque solution to this?
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I think you could claim that the solution is Monty Hall-esque.
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