"Spent" is Geoffrey's book ;) I'll let Geoffrey speak for himself, but I think you're right. Virtue signalling is natural for humans. Once we're aware of it we can inhibit the tendency some, or do it in more sophisticated ways. But we still do it.
"The Square": a brilliant, surreal, 90-minute satire about the amoral nihilism of the contemporary art world and the virtue-signaling pretensions of Scandinavian socialism, hidden inside a bloated, horrifying, 140-minute headache-induction experiment.pic.twitter.com/Pl6vxuGQS9
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Some kinds of virtue signalling are more cynical/hypocritical than others. (E.g., when we don't really believe the words we say but we say them anyway to signal the "right" virtues.) Those are the cases that tend to get criticized most.
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There's a whole book out there about how we all do virtue signaling through our purchasing behaviors. I think it's called "Spent".
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Feel free to visit Finland to see if what you say matches the actual experience.
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It's probably used in lots of ways by lots of people. Do you have a particular use case to hold up for analysis?
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It seems to be used mostly to accuse people of caring more about their standing in their social group than they do about the underlying issue.
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Yes. But post modern marxists take it to another level.
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