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FWIW the startup that I just joined (Zenith) is building an open source Postgres extension that uses log-structured storage. The design is much closer to Aurora than MyRocks, though - efficiency and write amp are not the main goal. Changes very little within the standard AMs.
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Nice paper, have been there too, now you trade one hard problem (managing writeback rate) for another. With a b-tree there is natural feedback when buffer pool is too dirty. With log-structured you usually lose that natural feedback, need new ways to find balance.
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Natural feedback is essential, but I suspect that it's not as effective as one would hope in Postgres/InnoDB. With Aurora you can have many WAL records that you may need to replay, without it necessarily mattering at all. Checkpoints create *systemic* risk, forcing us to go slow.
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The question I have is given a similar amount of HW: 1) What are read, space & write-amp for b-tree vs this approach? 2) What are other side-effects. b-trees suffer from stalls if checkpoint can't keep up, does this other approach have problems? I don't expect an answer today.
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