Happy to share a new VLDB paper on "Cuckoo Index: A Lightweight Secondary Index Structure". On a high level, we combine Cuckoo filters with bitmap indexes to identify qualifying storage partitions.
Paper: vldb.org/pvldb/vol13/p3
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FWIW, PostgreSQL 13 B-Tree deduplication feature makes each TPC-H indexes about 3x smaller with only a negligible additional overhead on insert
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Thanks for pointing this out. Do you think there is a use case for an index like this in PostgreSQL? Happy to chat offline.
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Hard to say offhand, since I don't have good intuitions about the use cases you're targeting. You can e-mail me privately if you have questions about Postgres indexing - pg at bowt dot ie. Or just ask on the -hackers mailing list.