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1/ @bitfinex infrastructure thread
Till Jan 2018 Bitfinex was using cloud hosting providers (AWS) as main site for the platform.
We soon figure out that was almost impossible to scale a CEX on cloud.
Here is the train of thoughts that we had in the mighty infrastructure team.
2/ Problems (1): - order/execution full roundtrip should be ~1ms or lower, should be improved over time (0.1ms target) - mange 10k+ to 100k+ orders/sec - recording to historical data stores all events, available to users via API and UI
3/ Problems (2): - handling billions of events per day and recording them it's one of the main bottlenecks of (crypto) exchanges -> DBMS have to record 100k events per second sustained? - on cloud you're not sure how CPU gets allocated (trading engine is a CPU bound process)
4/ Problems (3): - disk throughput can be throttled (GP2, IO1) - if you use SSDs on cloud, which model do you have, are you the only writer?, how to get a proper RAID setup?, ... - how to minimize the number of switches between your instances? - unpredictable network behaviors
5/
Problems (4):
- reliable UDP multicast: AWS seems not to support UDP multicast, while GC does not. Anyway what's the expected packet loss?
- security: spectre attacks, data hosted on 3rd party, ...
- #crypto is growing. When next bull run? How to ensure 10x/100x scalability
6/
Path to metal 
Our infra team has outstanding experience in secure, god wrath resistant, deployments, so we discussed a lot about pros and cons.
Here are the 2 cons summarized:
- hardware decay
- physical hosts maintenance (trips to datacenter, hardware expertise, ...)
7/
Benefit (1):
- the entire infra behavior is predictable
- RAID enabled historical sharded data-warehouses kick asses
- KYD, KYM and KYC 
: Know Your Disk, Know your Mem and Know Your CPU
- dedicated switches and firewalls, back to back connectivity for core servers
8/ Benefit (2): - reliable UDP multicast - bare-metal Linux installs - you're the only one using your CPU (see spectre-like attacks) - colocation services offering
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