Amy Proal

@microbeminded2

Insights from microbiologist Amy Proal. As seen on

Geregistreerd in september 2017
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  1. Vastgemaakte Tweet
    10 sep. 2017

    , , INTERACT to drive inflammatory processes. Check out my latest paper:

    9 antwoorden 38 retweets 99 vind-ik-leuks
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  2. 5 uur geleden

    New interview with from 👉 We discuss how he identifies novel and known viruses in global ecosystems, including the human body. Also, how the study of novel holds incredible promise for an improved understanding of chronic disease:

    2 retweets 7 vind-ik-leuks
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  3. 28 jun.

    Example of how novel technologies identify “new” viruses 👉 Mosquito cell lines used to study the invertebrate immune system...were just found to be infected w/ a range of viruses!☝️Key to identification of these viruses was the use of next-generation sequencing of cellular RNA

    Viruses are ALL OVER your cell culture!!! But a fun project and very, very satisfying to work with old friends, current and former trainees and great colleagues.
    1 antwoord 4 retweets 8 vind-ik-leuks
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  4. 27 jun.

    Here, elevated cytokine expression in response to HSV infection persisted even when viral antigens became undetectable and the entered a latent state 👉 A latent virus that can’t be identified by routine testing can still impact the host immune response + drive symptoms

    Proinflammatory cytokine gene expression continues in herpesvirus-infected peripheral nerve ganglia, even when the virus is latent, cannot reactivate, and is not replicating
    3 antwoorden 15 retweets 38 vind-ik-leuks
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  5. 26 jun.

    Could not yet identified viruses contribute to chronic disease? 👉 Absolutely. I spoke w/ at . His team is using new technologies to “Uncover the Earth’s Virome.” They identify novel viruses in the human microbiome on a continual basis, with no real end in sight.

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    Maybe it’s something new !!!! A new organism all together and maybe you all will discover it! This planet is big and new things are discovered everyday!
    4 antwoorden 7 retweets 22 vind-ik-leuks
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  6. 26 jun.

    Thought 👉 I get frustrated when people say “we found no viruses (or archea, phages etc) in our samples”☝️More accurate to say: “The technology and methods we used...and our limited databases were unable to detect X or Y microbe/virus”

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  7. 25 jun.

    We also need to better factor archea into dynamics 👉 This study found an almost 1:1 ratio of archaeal to bacterial 16S rRNA genes in human appendix and nose samples ☝️How? They used specific archaea-targeting methodology not used/understood by most research teams

    Improved archaeal detection shows Archaea as abundant as Bacteria in some human microbiome samples, but have been consistently overlooked
    2 retweets 8 vind-ik-leuks
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  8. 24 jun.

    Great intro to a topic I think about often 👉 To understand bacterial activity in a microbiome community, we must also study the bacteriophages that infect and modulate their behavior☝️Especially true since humans harbor billions of bacteriophages!

    Humans have coevolved with our gut microbes, but those same microbes are coevolving with the viral bacteriophages that prey on them.
    1 antwoord 7 retweets 21 vind-ik-leuks
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  9. 23 jun.

    In article researcher states 👉 “Alzheimer’s researchers come up to me at conferences and say in hushed tones, ‘Oh, I also have a data set that shows viruses, but I’m afraid to publish it.”☝️Not OK. The last 400+ Alzheimer’s clinical trails have failed:

    Can viruses drive Alzheimer’s disease? New research suggests infections like viruses might kick-start an immune response in the brain that leads to the telltale plaques of Alzheimer’s.
    3 antwoorden 19 retweets 44 vind-ik-leuks
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  10. 23 jun.

    Most human microbes are pathobiants: they change their gene expression to act as pathogens under conditions of imbalance ☝️ Eg: S.pneumoniae can persist as a commensal or a virulent pathogen depending on its ability to evade the host immune response:

    1 antwoord 20 retweets 45 vind-ik-leuks
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  11. 23 jun.

    OR 👉 Common viruses persist in brain tissue, where they alter human gene expression in a manner that drives inflammatory symptoms☝️Amyloid beta plaques are potent antimicrobial peptides created in response to this growing infectious burden:

    Can viruses drive Alzheimer’s disease? New research suggests infections like viruses might kick-start an immune response in the brain that leads to the telltale plaques of Alzheimer’s.
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  12. 22 jun.

    Consideration based on study👇 Like ’s Robert Moir says in this interview, the growing reality of a brain means the gut-brain axis is a “two way axis” 👉 We must also study how brain metabolites/chemicals impact gut microbiome activity:

    1 antwoord 7 retweets 21 vind-ik-leuks
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  13. 22 jun.

    Great study, but important to further emphacize that dozens of viruses besides HHV-6A/HHV-7 were identified in brain samples ☝️ These included torque teno viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, Ippy virus and Allpahuayo virus 👉 Check out Table 2 for a more complete list

    New research capitalizing on open science data from ’s AMP-AD suggests that viral species, particularly herpesviruses, may play a role in ’s disease.
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  14. 21 jun.

    Team combines tumor biology, metagenomics, metabolomics and modeling approaches ☝️ Demonstrate distinct roles for microbes and their metabolites in colon mismatch repair status 👉 Eg: highly influential microbes include many butyrate producers:

    1 antwoord 10 retweets 14 vind-ik-leuks
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  15. 20 jun.

    Take away from 2 tweets below 👉 In chronic inflammatory disease, studies of the immune response alone paint only part of the picture ☝️ We must continually factor in how pathogens modulate the immune response (especially pathogens that persist inside human cells!)

    1 antwoord 4 retweets 17 vind-ik-leuks
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  16. 20 jun.

    Study 👇 found C. albican’s transition from extracellular to intracellular pathogen caused a gradual decline in pro-inflammatory immune environment 👉 Sheds light on this ME study, where inflammatory cytokine activation decreased w/ illness duration:

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  17. 20 jun.

    Team isolates C. albicans + macrophages it infects, then measure expression of pathogen/host genes in parallel during various stages of infection 👉 Find dramatic changes in both pathogen/host gene expression when C. albicans shifts from extracellular to intracellular persistence

    Coordinated host-pathogen transcriptional dynamics revealed using sorted subpopulations and single, Candida albicans infected macrophages
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  18. 18 jun.

    In mice, tryptophan digested/metabolized by gut bacteria modulated activity of the host 5-HTP4 receptor, thus regulating the animals’ gut motility 👉 This trend (host pathways under the control of microbial metabolites) is at the core of the “human superorganism”

    Bacteria can accelerate your gastrointestinal transit by tryptamine production. Check out the paper by and colleagues:
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  19. 17 jun.

    Team will study how damaged “blood brain barrier” impacts immune cell traffic in ME 👉 Must factor in recent discoveries of CNS lymphatic system/human interstitium: fluid filled pathways that allow immune cells/ microbes to easily traffic b/t brain + body:

    A newly funded ME Research UK study at the University of Alabama is tracking peripheral immune cell infiltration of the brain in ME patients. Read more:
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  20. 11 jun.

    Why do I care about microbes in blood?👉B/c if microbes are in blood, so are their DNA/RNA/metabolites☝️If we don’t account for this, our genome assemblers will assume DNA/RNA/metabolites in any blood sample are ALL human, resulting in statistical error:

    1 antwoord 15 retweets 40 vind-ik-leuks
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  21. 10 jun.

    Team uses 16S rRNA sequencing to identify an extensive bacterial/fungal in the blood of healthy individuals 👉 Then use excellent culture-based techniques to show that these microbes really, truly persist in healthy human blood:

    1 antwoord 18 retweets 26 vind-ik-leuks
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