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So the night sky is black because there was a Beginning, a genesis to the universe. (I think about this when I take a shower.) The first person to solve this puzzle (Olber's Paradox) was, of all people, Edgar Allen Poe, an amateur astronomer.
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If the universe is uniform and infinite, then the sky should be on fire, since there is a star at every point you look. But since you look into the past when looking at distant stars, you eventually reach a cut-off, the big bang. So the sky is black because there was a beginning!
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Ans. to Riddle #24. Why is the sky blue? When you look at the sky, you are looking away from the sun at scattered light, and blue light scatters the most. At sunset, you are looking directly at the sun, through much of the atmosphere, and red light scatters the least.
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Congratulations to NASA for once again making history, this time with the New Horizons probe making an out-of-this-world encounter on New Year's. This is one more cosmic feather in their cap!
@neiltyson@bgreene@sciencenews@wired@popsciThanks. Twitter will use this info to make your timeline better. UndoUndo -
To actually open a gateway to a parallel universe (assuming its even possible) you would need a collider approaching the Planck energy, a quadrillion times larger than the LHC energy. You would need a Type III civilization to do that.
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I just saw the latest Spider man cartoon. Great movie. Great fun; better than I thought it would be, with lots of plot twists. (They use an atomic beam collider, like the LHC, to open a gateway to multiple parallel universes. Fortunately, our LHC is much too weak to do that!)
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Since the shock wave travels much less than the speed of light (the shock wave actually moves comparable to the speed of sound) the rod never comes close to the speed of light
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Ans. to Riddle #23. If you spin a very long steel rod around you, will the end eventually go faster than light? No. If you jerk the rod, a shock wave travels along the rod, causing the shape to deform. If you jerk the rod so that it spins around you, the rod turns into a spiral.
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Ans. to Riddle #22. Why do hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere? As hot air rises, the earth spins beneath it slightly, causing it to swirl counterclockwise. This is the Coriolis force. In your sink, the slightest disturbance can nullify this weak force.
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To use magnetism to squeeze hydrogen, you need to shape the magnets like a doughnut, with the gas inside. Doughnuts are much more difficult to squeeze than spheres. Hence we don't have fusion reactors on the earth today.
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Ans. to Riddle #15. Why is magnetic fusion so difficult on the earth? Magnetism is based on dipoles (north and south poles) while gravity is based on monopoles of matter. Hence, stars can easily spherically contract under gravity, causing them to ignite. But dipoles are difficult
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Going through a wormhole, you may theoretically zap across the galaxy, but your speedometer on your rocket always says you are going slower than light speed. Hence, special relativity is not violated locally going through a wormhole.
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So this means that quantum entanglement cannot be used as the "subspace communicator" in Star Trek, allowing the Enterprise to communicate with Star Fleet Command instantly across the galaxy. But that still leaves open the possibility of wormholes.
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So Einstein was only partially right. Material objects (atoms, photons) and net information (e.g. Morse code) cannot go faster than light. But immaterial things can break the light barrier (e.g. the expansion of the universe in the big bang). So Einstein still has the last laugh
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Ans. to Riddle #21. If two electrons vibrate coherently and in unison, can something travel between them faster than light? Yes, but no net quantum information (e.g. Morse code) can travel this way. So Einstein was only partly incorrect.
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Ans. to Riddle #20. If you sweep the night sky with a flashlight, does image of the beam eventually go faster than light? Yes. But no material object or information went faster than light, so relativity is not violated. The image is immaterial and hence can go faster than light
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The history of the Supercollider is a sad one. First, Congress gives us a billion dollars to dig the hole for the Supercollider. Then Congress cancels it, and gives a second billion dollars to fill up the hole. 2 billion dollars to dig and fill up a hole! That's the Congress!
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Ans. to Riddle #19? Why didn't the Nazis get the atomic bomb? In part, it is because they did not know critical mass (about 20 pounds), the amount of enriched uranium necessary to build an a-bomb. One reason they did not know this is because all the top physicists fled the Nazis
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In the 1990s, US physicists wanted to build the Supercollider (much bigger than the LHC) outside Dallas, TX. But Congress canceled it, so the US lost the lead in high energy physics. Lesson: we physicists have to learn how to engage the public, or else the public won't fund us.
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The Large Hadron Collider, the biggest atom smasher on earth, is down for the next 2 years. Then it will be at full power. Hopefully, it will find the photino, predicted by string theory, which may make up the dark matter filling up the universe. There is also a lesson here...
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