The explanation I hear most often for this is that foundational papers often start de novo. But much of this effect - maybe most of it - is that the ideas from foundational papers enter our culture and colonize it. Turing 1950 may well be much easier to read today than in 1950.https://twitter.com/nabeelqu/status/1181298253381476353 …
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Zorn 's lemma is another example.
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Probably a better one, from my point. Well, in the sense that IIRC it's equivalent to the separating hyperplane theorem, which I've used over and over.
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Johnson-Lindenstrauss should be called the “JL miracle” rather than the “JL lemma” given how often it seems to rescue impossible-sounding ideas
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What does it say? (You can tell me to look it up if you want....)
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Borel-Cantelli is another good lemma.
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The Yoneda Lemma. In category theory it could well be called "You need a lemma".
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Szemeredi!
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Szemeredi regularity lemma? One might argue that it appeared first, in a different paper, but in its first "modern" form it appeared in a paper that proved an old conjecture of Erdos and Turan from 1936. Now the Regularity Lemma represents a particular philosophy on its own.
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On the same stream, another favourite of mine is the Crossing Lemma of Ajtai, Chvatal, Newborn and Szemeredi. Althought as far as I remembered it was not an auxiliary lemma in a paper. But again, it is as important as a general purpose tool than the conjecture it sought to prove.
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