New essay from @patrickc and myself, arguing that science has suffered from greatly diminishing returns over the past century:https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/11/diminishing-returns-science/575665/ …
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Of course, others have argued for similar conclusions before. But the argument has usually been made anecdotally. We bring a new type of evidence to the discussion.
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The trouble with anecdotal argument about the question "What’s the rate of progress in science" is that it's too big and vague a question, and answers are easily swayed by feeling. That makes it easy to dismiss answers that you don't like.
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To avoid this problem, we surveyed scientists at leading institutions, asking them to do pairwise comparisons ranking Nobel prizewinning discoveries in their disciplines. Eg: discovery of neutron vs cosmic background radiation? Etc.
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We gathered 4,483 such comparisons. From this portfolio of questions we can back out progress in science (according to this metric) over the decades.
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Here's the results for physics, showing a decline:pic.twitter.com/QgqebTkvwv
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Here's the results for chemistry, and for physiology or medicine, showing, perhaps, a slight improvement:pic.twitter.com/9SJKd4j4xt
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What's being plotted: the probability a discovery made in that decade is ranked above discoveries made in other decades.
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The kicker is: the amount we're investing in science has gone up enormously (think 10-100x) over the same time period, whether you look at $, number of scientists, or number of publicationspic.twitter.com/9gBu2FREw0
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The point of that graph isn't the correlation. It's the growth in major measures of activity. (Given that money funds PhDs and publications, of course a correlation wouldn't be terribly surprising.)
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