New essay from @patrickc and myself, arguing that science has suffered from greatly diminishing returns over the past century:https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/11/diminishing-returns-science/575665/ …
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Of course, others have argued for similar conclusions before. But the argument has usually been made anecdotally. We bring a new type of evidence to the discussion.
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The trouble with anecdotal argument about the question "What’s the rate of progress in science" is that it's too big and vague a question, and answers are easily swayed by feeling. That makes it easy to dismiss answers that you don't like.
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To avoid this problem, we surveyed scientists at leading institutions, asking them to do pairwise comparisons ranking Nobel prizewinning discoveries in their disciplines. Eg: discovery of neutron vs cosmic background radiation? Etc.
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We gathered 4,483 such comparisons. From this portfolio of questions we can back out progress in science (according to this metric) over the decades.
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Here's the results for physics, showing a decline:pic.twitter.com/QgqebTkvwv
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Here's the results for chemistry, and for physiology or medicine, showing, perhaps, a slight improvement:pic.twitter.com/9SJKd4j4xt
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What's being plotted: the probability a discovery made in that decade is ranked above discoveries made in other decades.
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Replying to @michael_nielsen
Couldn’t this decline also be attributed to the fact that the discoveries have had less time to become applied? Older results are more thoroughly understood and have led to more downstream innovation.
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Yes, that's possible. We were surveying relatively expert people, for whom this would presumably be much less of an issue than lay people, but it is a possible partial explanation.
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