Lots of disclaimers: this is just one metric, there's plenty of shortcomings of the metric. We're very aware of that and discuss this in the essay.https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/11/diminishing-returns-science/575665/ …
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Nonetheless, the conclusion should be taken seriously, not dismissed lightly. This is in some sense a collective judgement from scientists themselves: science is getting vastly more expensive, and far from accelerating, progress is at best constant (by this metric).
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There's lots of corroborating evidence: e.g., the rise in ages at which scientists make key discoveries. Here are the average ages of discovery for early versus recent Nobel prizewinning discoveries. (Jones and Weinberg: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/47/18910 … )pic.twitter.com/vCsj7UNjhU
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The rise in size of scientific research teams also suggests it’s getting harder to make discoveries. (Fortunato et al: http://barabasi.com/f/939.pdf )pic.twitter.com/MPtSlh36IL
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There's also the massive decline in the growth of economic productivity since the 1950s, as documented by people such as Robert Gordon https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Fall-American-Growth-Princeton-ebook/dp/B071W7JCKW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1542218574&sr=8-1&keywords=robert+gordon+rise+and+fall+of+american+growth … and
@tylercowen https://www.amazon.com/Great-Stagnation-Low-Hanging-Eventually-eSpecial-ebook/dp/B004H0M8QS/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1542218607&sr=8-7&keywords=tyler+cowen …pic.twitter.com/1ECYsSIQwv
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In a similar vein, there’s the recent work by Bloom, Jones, Van Reenen, and Webb, suggesting that ideas are getting harder to find: https://web.stanford.edu/~chadj/IdeaPF.pdf …pic.twitter.com/cbrao49xf0
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This all suggests it's getting much, much harder to make progress.
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One response is to say "Well, it's inevitable that things get harder", and to shrug and continue on your way. But if something is requiring ~100 times the investment as formerly, it's a good idea to seriously consider whether it's possible to do better!
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As far as we know there's no serious, large-scale, organized institutional response to the challenge of diminishing returns in science. And given that science is a principal driver of our civilization's progress, a high-order bit for humanity, that's a problem.
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So, what to do? That's a subject for another essay (or multiple lifetimes of building). But I can't resist a few thoughts.
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That is, scientific ideas have a powerful growth model, & they can rapidly spread; they can also die out. This is great: it means a really good new idea can go from being one person's idea to taking over the world in just a few years. We take this for granted, but it's remarkable
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