Basically every observable metric derived from asset prices has this problem, e.g. treasury yield = risk-free rate + term premium + expected change in yields - convexity premium, only the first (and maaaaybe last) are observable.
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This is true, breakeven inflation = expected inflation + risk premium - TIPS liquidity premium, sadly you do not get to observe the last two so... 
https://twitter.com/PolemicTMM/status/1362299841313931264 …
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Equity dividend yield = risk-free rate + equity risk premium - expected dividend growth rate, the last two are not observable.
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Commodity futures term structure = expected change in spot price + risk premium - storage effects (these are particularly fun for seasonal commodities like natural gas or commodities with rare but severe supply/storage issues, like oil)
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Haha on this one I forgot to add "temporary social media-fuelled speculative mania" -- as in this post about the silver basis from back when I had ~0 followershttps://twitter.com/macrocephalopod/status/1356183622978596866?s=20 …
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