a factor model. The idea is that the return of every stock can be modeled as depending linearly on a number of *factors* which are generic, possibly unobservable drivers of returns. Simple examples of factors are the overall stock market, sectors, country or currency exposure.
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you want exposure to the alpha factors, but you want *more* exposure to the ones which have higher expected return given the risk, and your factor model gives you a structured way to express that.
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The vector of alphas, and the stock covariance matrix, are the key inputs to a portfolio optimizer (along with transaction costs, financing costs, position and turnover constraints, risk constraints etc). One particularly important fact is that portfolio optimizers are
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known to behave *really* badly (recommending nonsense portfolios) when there is noise in the covariance matrix. You get noise when you try to estimate too many parameters from too little data, so using a factor model to reduce the number of parameters to estimate
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is a critical step to take before you even consider using a portfolio optimizer (or some other method of reducing noise, but a factor model is the most common).
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Lots of directions to take this but I think that's enough for now. There are many others who know a lot about this -- let me know if I missed anything important
@choffstein@alphaarchitect@CliffordAsness?Show this thread -
I answered some follow-up questions herehttps://twitter.com/macrocephalopod/status/1356915582050979841?s=20 …
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And more on how this might be used at a big multi-manager "pod shop" hedge fund here --https://twitter.com/macrocephalopod/status/1357089641548111872?s=20 …
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End of conversation
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They’re different (but related) problems. A quant equity pm cares about finding factors with high alpha relative to their risk. A risk manager at a pod shop cares about finding factors with high risk but relatively low alpha, to hedge them and maximise exposure to the
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