Alternatively, top-down models propose that linguistic knowledge can enhance perception in a top-down fashion So under this account, word contexts don’t just help you guess the letters you’re seeing, but can also make you *see them better*pic.twitter.com/8bcgQb0KxZ
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Strikingly, we indeed find the enhancement predicted by the top-down model: letters are more easily decoded from early visual cortex when embedded in a word. Reassuringly we find the same subtle but consistent enhancement with both MVPA techniquespic.twitter.com/zEuqo8j9ZS
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(For the aficionados, yes we did make sure that the result was not a fluke created by our specific definition of ‘early visual cortex’. The same pattern was consistently found over a large range of ROI definitions)pic.twitter.com/5duufooZ9G
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Finally, we asked what the neural source of this enhancement effect might be Early visual cortex itself does not know anything about words or letters, so it has to come 'from the top-down' -- from some higher-order brain area But where?pic.twitter.com/bGmhjzraVq
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We expected that in a source area the neural activity covaries with the amount of letter information in early visual cortex, such that letter information is higher when the area is more active, and vice versa. & this relationship should hold within, not just between conditionspic.twitter.com/9NTZLrjzgt
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When we tested for such a hallmark, we found exactly this pattern of effects in VWFA, pMTG and IFG — all key areas of the reading network … suggesting these areas might be the source of the enhancementpic.twitter.com/lICIdMtgBd
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Altogether, these results provide neural support for the top-down nature of the word superiority effect. Which suggests that perhaps readers can better identify letters in words because they might, quite literally, see them better
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