Latif NasserVerified account

A Democratic blue swoosh running through the heart of the South.  As if a painter just swiped a blue brush down the edge of Arkansas and Louisiana, and then swooped up through Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and into the Carolinas.pic.twitter.com/kQtYdGPlpc

And this swoosh seems to show up over and over ...pic.twitter.com/HL9SRbyIEU

Going back to the early 70s, when it vanishes. AKA no swoosh before about 1972.pic.twitter.com/2k8magvPYj

Geoscientist Steve Dutch first noticed it in 2000.  “My geologist’s eye was immediately drawn to this arc,” he wrote, because it seemed to follow the shoreline of North America back in the Cretaceous.pic.twitter.com/gyILSZHTdJ

But … that had to be a coincidence, right? How could these two maps 100 million years apart be so eerily similar?!pic.twitter.com/XYWOhFWJZE

To start, let’s go back to the Cretaceous. The oceans are hotter and higher than they are now.  Picture millions of plankton minding their own business, just off the shore. When they die, their tiny corpses fall to the ocean floor and get buried by other debris.pic.twitter.com/7WWhRBLnHT

Eventually they turn to chalk.  As the planet cools down, the oceans recede.  Those chalky remains become part of the land.  They make the soil extra alkaline, extra organic, and darker than other soil nearby.  Due to the soil, the area becomes known as “the Black Belt.”pic.twitter.com/HUuoR7MMcm

Now, in part because of the fertile soil (and also because the US forcibly evicted indigenous people living there), farmers swoop in around the 1800s and set up cotton plantations there. They force enslaved people of African descent to work as long as 18 hour days picking cotton.pic.twitter.com/nujelGhgcP

Booker T Washington summed it up: “The part of the country possessing this thick, dark, and naturally rich soil was, of course, the part of the South where the slaves were most profitable, and consequently they were taken there in the largest numbers.”pic.twitter.com/GSw6Hb2tPL

By emancipation, many African-American families stayed in the Black Belt, despite conditions barely changing for them.  I asked historian Bertis English why they stayed.  He told me that many didn’t know where else to go, and even if they did, were too poor to get there.pic.twitter.com/qLWJ60VZRj

In part because of that, after slavery ended, they picked even more cotton.pic.twitter.com/ibDhTP4tzB

Fast forward to the 20th C. Many African-Americans leave the South as part of the Great Migration northward, but many families also remain.  If you look at a map of US counties w a majority of African Americans today, all are in the South, and most are in the Black Belt.pic.twitter.com/mbOvKkIJfC

Anyway, that still leaves the other mystery.  Why does the blue swoosh only mysteriously start appearing after the late 1960s / early 1970s?pic.twitter.com/IQa0t8iMcr

Even after enslaved people were freed post-Civil War, they still couldn’t vote.  Authorities made it virtually impossible: poll taxes, literacy tests, even a pulley system that raised the ballot box out of reach of anyone not White. Not to mention intimidation and lynching.pic.twitter.com/YBGcFdweTN

In 1962, a 24-year-old named Jimmie Lee Jackson from a Black Belt farming family watched his frail 80-year-old grandfather get turned away when he tried to register to vote.  Jackson decided to become an activist.pic.twitter.com/RYtXYE4RqF

3 years later, Jackson joined a peaceful voting rights protest near his home in Marion, AL. State troopers beat the protestors. Jackson fled to a nearby cafe, where he saw a trooper attack his mom. He tried to defend her. The trooper shot him in the stomach. He died 8 days later.pic.twitter.com/gyUcB9qEaG

The Voting Rights Act passes in 1965, is amended in 1970 and 1975. And poof!  The Black Belt appears on the map.  And stays that way for almost 50 years.pic.twitter.com/8mDsIuc0E9

(To be fair, since Democrat Jimmy Carter swept the South in 1976 and 80, you can only actually see it starting in 1984.)pic.twitter.com/MsGNfRPIYq

Cut to now.  After the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act in 2013, voter suppression type tactics have returned in Black Belt states. For ex, US Commission on Civil Rights noted “often insurmountable barriers to voting for marginal populations in Alabama” in Feb 2020.pic.twitter.com/V2suRL9pXv

At the same time, we’ve all seen the record number of voters all lined up to vote early in Georgia and other parts of the Black Belt.  Will the Black Belt show up again on this year’s electoral map? Keep an eye out as the returns come in.pic.twitter.com/QSA3hA8PlF

The Black Belt story is painful but profound.  The death of plankton led to the life of cotton, which led to the bondage of enslaved people who harvested it, which led to the freedom of the voters who descended from them.   Death leads to Life leads to Bondage leads to Freedom.pic.twitter.com/pfg6CH6lXA