Recently @tcfriedrich @KariDebbink @McCroneIV @LauringLab and others have deep sequenced flu infections and identified mutations within hosts. But what happens to these within-host mutations in the global flu population? (2/n)
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We compared flu's evolution within and between hosts by calculating evolutionary rates, which give us a simple, quantitative framework for comparing viral diversity. (3/n)
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Synonymous mutations accumulate at similar rates within and between hosts, showing that flu's genetic diversity at mostly neutral sites within hosts is on par with its global evolution. (4/n)
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Nonsynonymous mutations are interesting: they accumulate more slowly globally than they do within hosts. (5/n)
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Most nonsynonymous mutations that we see within hosts are probably transient, deleterious mutations. They can reach detectable frequencies within hosts, but they are purged later by purifying selection at transmission and early in global evolution. (6/n)
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The major exception to this trend is antigenic mutations. They're present at the same frequencies as background genetic variation within hosts, but they fix quickly on a global scale. (7/n)
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Based on these analyses, selection against deleterious, nonsynonymous mutations and selection for antigenic mutations are the major forces that transform within-host diversity into global evolutionary change. (8/n)
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Congrats! sounds cool.
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