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One useful takeaway for me was just teasing apart a bunch of related phenomena so we can think more clearly 1. Opinion polarization: People becoming more strongly PRO or CON on an issue 2. Sorting: The PRO people going to one party, the CON people going to another party ...
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3. Sorting by identity: People of one race / education level / gender / etc going disproportionately to one party over the other 4. Affective polarization: People in one party hating or fearing the other party 5. Partisanship: People reflexively agreeing with their own party
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As Ezra recognizes, the conversation around "polarization" gets really muddied because people use that word to refer to any / all of these things. But they each have different effects, and not all are inherently bad
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