In the late 1800s, “Retailers came to depend, almost entirely, on railway milk, brought in from the country by rail in churns. This milk was not cooled, it may have stood about on railway platforms for several hours and was then sold ‘loose’ from the churn.” 
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This led to milk contaminated with bacteria, causing diseases such as tuberculosis and gastro/enteric diseases especially in infants. But at the very end of the 1800s and early decades of the 1900s, milk began to be pasteurized, and transported and sold in sealed containers.
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This was due in part to consolidation in the industry: “Between 1895 and 1905 the large dairy combines which subsequently became household names were founded.” Bigger companies had more resources for process improvement than small dairy farms. Go big business!


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By 1925, “in London, and probably many large towns, a safe milk supply was available… Infant mortality had fallen strikingly: the rate had halved during the previous 25 years.”
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From Beaver 1973, “Population, Infant Mortality and Milk” https://www.jstor.org/stable/2173395?seq=1 …
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A few responses/clarifications: I didn't mean to imply that milk sanitation is the one and only cause of the decline shown in this graph. Far from it
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First, the graph extends to ~1970. Roughly 1937–52 was the golden age of antibiotics, and that had a lot to do with falling mortality rates at all ages. After that, infant mortality was reduced through other means—e.g., better handling of premature births
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Second, milk sanitation wasn't even the only thing going on c. 1900. Among other things, water sanitation was very important for mortality at all ages: better filtration, chlorination, and improved sewage handling all contributed
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That is one theory. It doesn't seem to be universally accepted, see e.g. (wrong abstract on page, but pdf OK): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0032472031000143876?src=recsys …pic.twitter.com/02uUaowniU
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Beaver directly addresses the breastfeeding question. But I agree that it's not an ironclad case. E.g., milk sanitation definitely not the only thing going on at that time; water sanitation also improving rapidly. But the distinct knee in the curve at 1900 begs for an explanation
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