Humans develop their full cognitive potential in an environment that is complex & challenging, without being overwhelming. Similarly, the big technological leaps of past civilizations have occurred in response to environmental constraints that were challenging, but not too harsh.
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In the first few millennia of the history of civilization, natural environmental constraints were the main driver of (and limit to) human ingenuity. New technology arose from the need to survive in challenging environments.
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Starting in the Antiquity, inter-cultural conflict & cooperation replaced nature as the main catalyser of progress. War, trade, competition started shaping the curriculum of civilization.
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I would go as far as saying that the particular environmental and historical circumstances of a civilization program the direction and speed of its progress in an almost deterministic way
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The need to rise up to the existential challenge of climate change will likely guide the next chapter of our progress over the next few centuries
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End of conversation
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"The poison from which the weaker nature perishes strengthens the strong man; and he does not call it poison."-Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science
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Hormesis is the concept
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