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fchollet's profile
François Chollet
François Chollet
François Chollet
Verified account
@fchollet

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François CholletVerified account

@fchollet

Deep learning @google. Creator of Keras. Author of 'Deep Learning with Python'. Opinions are my own.

United States
fchollet.com
Joined August 2009

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    François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

    Many people in engineering believe that to understand something, it is necessary and sufficient to have a low-level mathematical description of that thing. That you need to "know the math behind it". In nearly all cases, it is neither sufficient nor at all necessary - far from it

    9:33 PM - 25 Oct 2018
    • 332 Retweets
    • 1,161 Likes
    • Johe Kartikey Pant e e o ü e e i e i Kelsey Morris EL / Luchra Tesfa Yohannes megan Urmil Bhatt Gül Calikli
    35 replies 332 retweets 1,161 likes
      1. New conversation
      2. François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

        My go-to example of this is PCA. If you know how to diagonalize a 5x5 matrix by hand, then you "know the math" behind PCA. But this gives you absolutely no understanding of what PCA is, what it does, and why it works. You need higher-level mental models.

        6 replies 30 retweets 282 likes
        Show this thread
      3. François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

        This is almost universally true: to understand something, you need the *right* mental models, that capture what *actually matters* about that thing, not just the lowest-level mathematical description you can find. In most cases, the two are completely orthogonal

        8 replies 64 retweets 329 likes
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      4. François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

        The same is true of backprop in deep learning -- knowing how to code up backprop by hand gives you no useful knowledge wrt deep learning, and inversely, developing powerful mental models for deep learning does not in any way require knowing the algorithmic details of backprop

        3 replies 25 retweets 187 likes
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      5. François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

        (coming from someone who had to implement backprop a lot in the past, first in C, then in Matlab, then in Numpy)

        7 replies 3 retweets 85 likes
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      6. François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

        In addition, if you have the right mental model for something, it is generally easy to work out the algorithmic details on your own when you need them, at least down to a level where you can roll out a working implementation (& it becomes trivial if you can just look up details)

        3 replies 18 retweets 159 likes
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      7. François Chollet‏Verified account @fchollet 25 Oct 2018

        Similar to how, say, you can always reinvent the Pythagorean theorem on the fly if you think about geometry through the lens of vector products, or how you don't need to memorize the quadratic formula if you understand what an equation is and the general process for solving them

        6 replies 8 retweets 131 likes
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      8. End of conversation
      1. Sayan Sanyal‏ @shaayohn 25 Oct 2018
        Replying to @fchollet

        Sincere question - I believed the same, until I found it difficult to discriminate between the right mental models and the ones that seemed right. Any advice on how to build a robust discriminating intuition for that?

        0 replies 0 retweets 11 likes
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      1. Arka Saha‏ @ArkaSah37972386 25 Oct 2018
        Replying to @fchollet

        So basically the important thing is 'what' it is doing and not 'how' it is doing, right?

        0 replies 0 retweets 0 likes
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      1. Roland S. Zimmermann‏ @zimmerrol 25 Oct 2018
        Replying to @fchollet

        @fchollet I would rather consider understanding the statistical motivation and underlying reasoning as the "math behind PCA". The rest is just calculus and not math... Don't you think so?

        0 replies 0 retweets 1 like
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      1. Desi Insaan‏ @Desi_Insaan 25 Oct 2018
        Replying to @fchollet

        I agree. But don’t you think the mental model and a lower-level mathematical model iteratively build on each other to improve your understanding? For example, learning how to invert a 2x2 matrix helps you better understand diagonalization and eventually more complex LinAl

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