A good deep learning architecture is one that introduces correct priors about the problem at hand -- in particular, about the structure of the correlations found in the data.
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For instance, convolution is preferable to dense layers for data dimensions that are locally autocorrelated and translation-invariant. And depthwise separable convolutions are superior to convolution for any data that is locally autocorrelated and where channels are decorrelated.
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(Which is naturally the case past the first layer of any convnet.)
