If you cannot assign a variable, then the only way to guarantee the order of operations is by using the function call stack. For example, f(h(x)) requires that h is executed before f. Thus, any loop must be recursive. <grin>
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"f(h(x)) requires that h is executed before f" This is not true, and I can show you a language for which it is never true.
λ> let h = undefined; x = undefined; f = const "hi" λ> f(h(x)) "hi" h is definitely not executed before f, or at all.
