This is great. Highlights 1. NY transit costs way more than anywhere comparable 2. Half the problem is moral hazard (companies+labor “negotiate” with no incentive to control costs 3. Other half is MTA project mgmt that is both cronyist and incompetenthttps://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/28/nyregion/new-york-subway-construction-costs.html …
other contributing factors: 4. the MTA budgeting process is highly politicized and controlled by representatives elected by people who live in the suburbs, not in the city 5. it's one of the oldest subway systems in the world and the existing equipment is tragicomically obsolete