As we seem to become more and more enamored by quantifying the unquantifiable, and increasingly finding comfort in the illusory certainty of numbers, I find this quote particularly relevant: “When you don’t have any data, you have to use reason.” Richard Feynman
2/ They got overruled because they didn't have a nice chart with a bunch of data points to conclusively prove this. I've run into the situation myself several times where a better decision could have been made but leadership insisted on absolute proof, when it wasn't attainable.