And camels were still used as pack animals into the sixth and seventh centuries in Gaul and Italy: http://www.caitlingreen.org/2016/05/camels-in-early-medieval-western-europe.html …pic.twitter.com/9htW2PoQ7a
History, archaeology, place-names & early lit. Main research on post-Roman Britain & Anglo-Saxon England; also long-distance trade, migration & contact.
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And camels were still used as pack animals into the sixth and seventh centuries in Gaul and Italy: http://www.caitlingreen.org/2016/05/camels-in-early-medieval-western-europe.html …pic.twitter.com/9htW2PoQ7a
A story about St Eligius and a pack-camel in 7th-century Provence is recorded in the Vita S. Eligii: http://www.caitlingreen.org/2016/05/camels-in-early-medieval-western-europe.html …pic.twitter.com/8Z07jT4qVQ
Eyewitness account of some rather unfortunate camels used during the late 6thC Avar seige of Thessaloniki, Greece: http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/pdf/uploads/hesperia/147879.pdf …pic.twitter.com/l8JHti8u33
Dr Caitlin Green Retweeted Dr Caitlin Green
Worth noting, fair amount of textual refs to camels in Late Antiquity/early medieval period—see further https://twitter.com/caitlinrgreen/status/736624442328092672 …—but less arch evidence, though not totally absent…
Dr Caitlin Green added,
A complete skeleton of a dromedary (aka the Arabian camel) from early Byzantine Constantinople, radiocarbon dated to AD 566–646: https://www.academia.edu/7459812/Preliminary_Report_on_the_Animal_Remains_Uncovered_at_Yenikapı_Metro_and_Marmaray_Excavations …pic.twitter.com/mmcQJTFdT5
Fwiw, other remains of Byzantine-era camels found scattered at same site+these have butchery marks, suggesting consumption of camels... Same true for 5thC Marseille.
Looking westwards, camel remains have been found in early medieval Lyon (8th/9thC) and on several sites in southern Spain e.g. https://www.academia.edu/32458324/The_signature_of_a_blacksmith_on_a_dromedary_bone_from_Islamic_Seville_Spain_ …pic.twitter.com/RWVfIMCITO
Fwiw, Otto I of Germany also had camels in the mid-10thC, along with lions, monkeys & ostriches, gifts from delegations of 'Saracens', Greeks & Romans :) https://www.academia.edu/8482748/Cosmopolitan_Claims_Islamicate_Spolia_during_the_Reign_of_King_Henry_II_1002_24_in_Medieval_History_Journal_15_2_2012_S._299-318 …pic.twitter.com/xhT9m6NtTt
Camels in 9th- to early 20th-century Romania, including two finds from Byzantine-period sites (9th-12thC and 11thC): https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adrian_Balasescu/publication/269167531_Camels_in_Romania/links/5489fde00cf2d1800d7aa6a2.pdf … (pic=camels in Dobruja, c.1900)pic.twitter.com/Njn9ln4Pd8
Most of the Romanian ones are Bactrian, so came along the 'North Silk Road' from Central Asia? :)
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