Fwiw, this is what I was referring to when I expressed scepticism over summer re: notion that Sahara was 'impassable barrier' in antiquity…
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For more on this, see Andrew Wilson's fascinating & important article on 'Saharan trade in the Roman period': http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2012.727614 …
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See also the papers by David Mattingly+others in 'Money, Trade and Trade Routes in Pre-Islamic North Africa' (2011): http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Money_Trade_and_Trade_Routes_online.pdf …
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'The first towns in the central Sahara'—open access article from 2013 on Garamantian towns & trans-Saharan trade: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049097 …pic.twitter.com/YYs4s2ZVtW
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This is also worth a read :) 'The Saharan Berber Diaspora and the Southern Frontiers of Byzantine North Africa':https://www.academia.edu/3516995/The_Saharan_Berber_Diaspora_and_the_Southern_Frontiers_of_Byzantine_North_Africa …
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'Saharan Trade in Classical Antiquity', by Katia Schörle:https://www.academia.edu/607092/Chapter_3_Saharan_trade_in_Classical_Antiquity …
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'Trade in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond' (2017): https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6ug7DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false …pic.twitter.com/hNIQEpRdR6
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The most southerly Latin inscription in the Sahara comes from Ti-m-Missaou, Algeria: http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epimap.php?p_lat=21.9038889&p_long=3.092500 … & http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epimap.html …pic.twitter.com/Dtfdv5az5Y
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Items from c.3rd–7thC Kissi, Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan W. Africa, made w/ metal prob imported from Roman Carthage: https://www.academia.edu/3596759/Contacts_Between_West_Africa_and_Roman_North_Africa_Archaeometallurgical_Results_from_Kissi_Northeastern_Burkina_Faso …pic.twitter.com/U8UM0yYOGt
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L5th–6thC rims possibly imitative of N. African Roman/Byzantine amphorae, found Tongo Maaré Diabal, Mali, W. Africa: http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Money_Trade_and_Trade_Routes_online.pdf …pic.twitter.com/siA8J4l6Zi
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Of course, Roman-era material+influences travelled equally far in other directions too, e.g.https://twitter.com/caitlinrgreen/status/778958558561959936 …
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Likewise, a 2ndC AD coin of Hadrian (117–138) found in northern Sweden, possibly associated w/ the ancient fur trade: http://samla.raa.se/xmlui/bitstream/handle/raa/3248/2010_187.pdf …pic.twitter.com/rCTO6kfcR0
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Or a 2ndC pot found 250km west of Ireland in 1934, inscribed w/ C PISCI FAGI + a graffito of an otter: http://www.jstor.org/stable/297059?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents …pic.twitter.com/nD3oy87Kjm
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A slashed gold coin of Augustus, minted in 19 BC in Spain and found at Pudukottai, India: http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1216254&partId=1&place=39890&plaA=39890-3-1&page=1 …pic.twitter.com/RY56NYoBA1
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Great article & very dear to my heart as I dug in Germa with Mattingly. The aerial photo of site should be credited to
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Thanks! And how awesome, didn't know! :) On photo, thanks for update—I'll revise credit, assuming ok to use still? (Flickr user had CC'd it)
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It was awesome! Such a privilege. I’m sure Toby will be fine with it being used with the right credit but I really shouldn’t speak for him!
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I can only imagine! And thanks, I'll edit it tomorrow when back at computer & remove/re-credit as he wishes :)
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Thanks! It was taken in 99 with a camera housed in a homemade balsa wood box strapped to a kite! The world before drones!
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My goodness! Picture is even more remarkable given that! :)
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