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caitlinrgreen's profile
Dr Caitlin Green
Dr Caitlin Green
Dr Caitlin Green
@caitlinrgreen

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Dr Caitlin Green

@caitlinrgreen

History, archaeology, place-names & early lit. FSA. Research: post-Roman Britain & Anglo-Saxon England; long-distance trade & contacts; landscape history.

Lincolnshire/Cornwall
caitlingreen.org
Joined August 2014

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    Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

    King Alfred and India: an Anglo-Saxon embassy to southern India in the ninth century AD — new post by me :) https://www.caitlingreen.org/2019/04/king-alfred-and-india.html …pic.twitter.com/xDgRXWjmaZ

    12:24 PM - 30 Apr 2019
    • 666 Retweets
    • 1,477 Likes
    • Axel Quilès-Lorenzini Liulfr McShane Sameer reTweet King Mohan 🍀 Merete von DOE 🇩🇰 Pig in the LGTBI castle 🌈 Carlos Froggy May Alex Colvin Alex Trotter Carolyn Mitchell
    70 replies 666 retweets 1,477 likes
      1. New conversation
      2. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal for 883: 'Sigehelm & Athelstan took to Rome—and also to St Thomas in India and to St Bartholomew—the alms which King Alfred had vowed to send there when they beseiged the raiding-army in London' (pic: the annal in ASC MS F, http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=cotton_ms_domitian_a_viii_f055v …).pic.twitter.com/9bFbn8ePna

        1 reply 26 retweets 105 likes
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      3. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        That India was indeed the intended final destination fits with the identity of the two saints named by the Chronicle, St Thomas & St Bartholomew: both explicitly and repeatedly associated with India in material current in Alfred's day. (pic: http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/StavelotAltar.html …)pic.twitter.com/Vqf7cYOY53

        2 replies 11 retweets 84 likes
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      4. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        Tales of St Thomas in India were circulating by the 3rd/4th centuries & knowledge of a shrine dedicated to St Thomas in India (at 'Kalamene'/'Calamina', prob Mylapore) had reached the Mediterranean by c.500; one famous 6thC ref to Indian Christians is by Cosmas Indicopleustes:pic.twitter.com/4sNFJljv2h

        5 replies 23 retweets 87 likes
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      5. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        Cosmas—prob writing in Alexandria, Egypt, in the 6thC—seems to have solid info on India; Faller, 2011, for example, suggests his image and text describing pepper are 'so detailed and accurate that personal inspection and experience are almost a certainty': https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/transcultural/article/view/6127/2962 …pic.twitter.com/BOPkqgTYh1

        1 reply 10 retweets 79 likes
        Show this thread
      6. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        Even more interesting is Gregory of Tours, writing France c.590—had met a man who actually visited India & saw 'a monastery & a church that is spectacularly large & carefully decorated' at St Thomas's tomb-site! Needless to say, adds to credibility of AS pilgrims heading there…pic.twitter.com/ZEZO4DLDhS

        4 replies 11 retweets 90 likes
        Show this thread
      7. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        The stone cross from St Thomas's Mount, Mylapore, India; the cross includes an inscription in Pahlavi ('Our lord Christ, have pity on Sabriso, (son) of Caharboxt, (son) of Suray, who bore (brought?) this (cross).') that is believed to date to around the 8th century AD...pic.twitter.com/FAezMvsgbX

        2 replies 26 retweets 84 likes
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      8. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 30 Apr 2019

        The cross comes from the probable location of the Indian tomb/shrine of St Thomas that was known in the early medieval west as Kalamene/Calamina; if Sigehelm & Æthelstan did indeed travel to India to visit the shrine of St Thomas in the 9th century, then they may have seen it.

        2 replies 11 retweets 68 likes
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      9. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 1 May 2019

        Further to feasibility of trip, worth noting that pepper from India continued to be available in NW Europe in the early medieval era e.g. Chlothar III granted annual rent of 30 pounds of pepper to Corbie monastery (N. France), & Bede's possessions incl pepper when he died in 735.pic.twitter.com/CPT9cVM16G

        Cuthbert’s letter on the death of Bede, which mentions pepper amongst his personal possessions: Stowe MS 104, f. 112v, via https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2018/05/the-real-venerable-bede.html
        2 replies 10 retweets 67 likes
        Show this thread
      10. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 1 May 2019

        Indeed, one estimate puts pepper imports to 7th-/8th-century Gaul at 3,000 lbs p.a. and the document concerning Corbie in N. France (reconfirmed by Chilperic II in 716) also mentions an annual quantity of 2 pounds of cloves to this monastery alone, only grown in Indonesia...

        2 replies 14 retweets 88 likes
        Show this thread
      11. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 1 May 2019

        Also interesting is Aldhelm's riddle on pepper from Wessex, which mentions use in sauces & stews, and frequent use of pepper in Anglo-Saxon medical remedies in 'Bald's Leechbook' & other sources, e.g. this one which mixes radish, turnip & pepper (see https://forthewynnblog.wordpress.com/2018/02/25/silk-and-spices-pepper-and-peacocks/ …).pic.twitter.com/Pd6DBnPorq

        2 replies 11 retweets 69 likes
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      12. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 1 May 2019

        As to the availability of possible routes that King Alfred's emissaries could have taken, worth noting that Ibn Khordadbeh in the mid-9thC enumerated a number of routes from western Europe to India & beyond during his discussion of the activities of the Radhanite merchants then.pic.twitter.com/WKEQ3TnSJs

        1 reply 12 retweets 62 likes
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      13. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 1 May 2019

        Dr Caitlin Green Retweeted Dr Caitlin Green

        Incidentally, a northern trade-route that brought a number of Indian coins & at least one Buddha to 8th- to 10th-century N. Europe & England also existed, but is less relevant here, as Alfred sent Sigehelm & Æthelstan with alms for Rome as well as India:https://twitter.com/caitlinrgreen/status/548953257046196224 …

        Dr Caitlin Green added,

        Dr Caitlin Green @caitlinrgreen
        Indian silver coins in Viking-age northern Europe & Britain--brief post by me incl maps etc :) http://www.caitlingreen.org/2014/12/indian-silver-coins-in-viking-age.html … pic.twitter.com/r6Ko7r3Jlm
        2 replies 21 retweets 79 likes
        Show this thread
      14. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 1 May 2019

        With regard to the fate of this 9th-century embassy from England to India, William of Malmesbury records a tradition that Sigehelm returned to England with many precious stones and became the bishop of Sherborne; certainly a Sigehelm was bishop there in the early 10thC, fwiw…pic.twitter.com/OXTaHxwXbs

        1 reply 8 retweets 53 likes
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      15. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 2 May 2019

        Interestingly, the precious stones Sigehelm supposedly returned with from India said to have been used to enrich Sherborne & 'some of them can still be seen in precious objects in the church', according to William of Malmesbury in the early 12thC (pic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherborne_Abbey …).pic.twitter.com/4jvNQaRzFs

        1 reply 11 retweets 57 likes
        Show this thread
      16. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 2 May 2019

        For more on the Indian Ocean world of the 9th century that King Alfred's emissaries would have encountered, see this fascinating site dedicated to the copper plate grants of AD 849 from the port of Kollam, in present-day Kerala, India: https://web.archive.org/web/20170608134326/http://849ce.org.uk/ …pic.twitter.com/x0HdibTx4r

        2 replies 29 retweets 82 likes
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      17. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 2 May 2019

        In the first part of this copper plate grant of 849, the local chieftain granted agricultural land & tax privileges to a Christian church at Kollam, India, enabling the community to cover 'the expenses of [lamp] oil & other things' used in the church…pic.twitter.com/HdTUzVJM6V

        4 replies 14 retweets 59 likes
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      18. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 2 May 2019

        The text also sets out the boundaries of the church lands and describes the different occupations of the people who lived on the land, and further grants legal jurisdiction over those living there to the church: 'Any offence… shall be dealt with by the men of the church alone.'pic.twitter.com/7CzFF5Lt0s

        1 reply 7 retweets 46 likes
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      19. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 2 May 2019

        The 2nd part of the document assigns 2 trade associations, the Manigramam & Ancuvannam, to oversee trade in the 9thC marketplace at Kollam, India, with these being required to 'guard the church & the land' too. 25 witnesses are named, in Arabic, Middle Persian & Judaeo-Persian.pic.twitter.com/hTdvkIofwc

        2 replies 22 retweets 70 likes
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      20. Dr Caitlin Green‏ @caitlinrgreen 4 May 2019

        For more on this era & the crosses of S. India & Sri Lanka, see for example 'Trade & Cross-cultural Contacts in Sri Lanka & South India during Late Antiquity (6th–10th Centuries)' (http://www.heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume4/8.pdf …) & esp 'The Problem of the Saint Thomas Crosses' (https://www.jstor.org/stable/29757546 ).pic.twitter.com/gBO5aewzK5

        3 replies 14 retweets 53 likes
        Show this thread
      21. End of conversation

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