The ambassadors requested the pope name Ludovico as Patriarch of Antioch—some confusion and controversy over how this was done, but Ludovico acted as a diplomat in the East and Europe using this title in the 1460–70s, & his visit to England in 1466 with camels prob part of this…
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Worth recalling that there seem to have been camels in Roman Britain too, seehttps://twitter.com/caitlinrgreen/status/928363213015658498 …
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Camels were not the only exotic animals to be found in medieval Britain; for example, an elephant was presented to King Henry III of England in 1255 by King Louis IX of France and was kept at the Tower of London (CCCC MS 16, f. ivr) https://theparkerlibrary.wordpress.com/2013/05/08/matthew-paris-and-the-elephant-at-the-tower/ …pic.twitter.com/nPX0eySDGp
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There are also medieval elephant remains known from Chester, radiocarbon dated to AD 1290—1410https://twitter.com/cwacmuseums/status/940295256339288064 …
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Lions and cubs, from an English bestiary, c.1200–1210: http://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2014/11/a-royal-beast-and-the-menagerie-in-the-tower.html … Henry I owned lions in the early 12th century and the remains of lions — probably from the medieval Royal Menagerie — have been found at the Tower of London, dated AD 1280–1385.pic.twitter.com/jmbWsN4dyc
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Skull of a Barbary lion, Panthera leo leo, dated to 1280–1385 and found in the Tower of London's moat in 1937: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/barbary-lion-skull-from-the-tower-of-london.html …pic.twitter.com/zCiEgjkqMM
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The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II not only sent a camel to King Henry III of England in the 1230s, but also 3 'leopards', sometimes thought have actually been cheetahs (Image: a drawing of a cheetah wearing a collar, c.1400–1410: http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=717251&partId=1 …).pic.twitter.com/9Cdqjimcdc
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There is also good textual and archaeological evidence for the presence of Barbary macaques from North Africa in Britain & Ireland, including bones from medieval Southampton, London & Carrickfergus, see http://www.caitlingreen.org/2018/02/barbary-ape-wroxeter.html … :)pic.twitter.com/NH7QAbuBMV
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Returning to camels, worth noting that they seem to have been used as beasts of burden and tools of humiliation in early medieval Europe: https://twitter.com/caitlinrgreen/status/736624442328092672 … :)
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Although camels are not recorded from pre-Conquest Britain, Aldhelm—Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey & Bishop of Sherborne—is said to have made use of a camel as a pack animal when travelling back to England from Rome in the late 7th century… http://www.caitlingreen.org/2016/05/camels-in-early-medieval-western-europe.html …pic.twitter.com/ilh0F9uOhA
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Of course, not impossible that camels were present in Anglo-Saxon England & just not recorded; def were camels in 10th-century German & Polish menageries, as well as in 9thC Carolingian Francia (Pic=camels in the Old English Hexateuch, written in Late Saxon England, c.1025-50).pic.twitter.com/c9dWo67RrZ
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In this context, worth noting that there do seem to have been menageries in Anglo-Saxon England; not only are peacock remains known from two sites (one Middle Saxon, one Late Saxon), but there's also some documentary evidence from the 10th century: https://twitter.com/Diane_Watt/status/1041665982631223296 … :)
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An early 8th-century Anglo-Saxon coin with an image of a crested peacock on the reverse, minted at Hamwic (Southampton) and found on the Isle of Wight: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/911246 …pic.twitter.com/1k2h2ouTRr
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A kneeling camel misericord carving (c.1390), in the Church of St Botolph, Boston, Lincolnshire: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hunky_punk/15411603161 …pic.twitter.com/CzL0b7cY4n
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Some 11th-century camels, from MS Cotton Tiberius B V, part 1, f. 80, possibly made at Canterbury in the mid-11th century: http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=cotton_ms_tiberius_b_v!1_f080v …pic.twitter.com/iKxKOsk74a
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A 15th-century carving of a camel from Old Molton Priory, Yorkshire: https://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=4613 …pic.twitter.com/wGYBKN35Xd
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This is by far the best thread I have seen in a long time.
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Thanks! :)
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