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Brian D. Earp

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@Yale @UniofOx @hastingscenter: philosophy, cogsci, bioethics, science+medicine, psychedelic policy, sexuality, gender equality, bodily integrity, child rights

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    Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
    • Prijavi Tweet

    From gender bias to media bias? A thread on how our study looking at adult perceptions of children's pain got misconstrued. A reminder of the importance of taking media coverage with a grain of salt, reading original studies when possible, and guarding against confirmation bias.pic.twitter.com/m0sn8WKlnc

    15:49 - 20. velj 2019.
    • 600 proslijeđenih tweetova
    • 1.296 oznaka „sviđa mi se”
    • Gabriel Parra Blessing obscurantism101 Davi Alves deadly neurotoxin All About Female Circumcision Matthew Dalby Bottlenecked_Y Jake Caplan Ilsa Hansson
    27 replies 600 proslijeđenih tweetova 1.296 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
      1. Novi razgovor
      2. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        I'll start with what you may have heard our study showed, then explain what our study actually showed. Here are some sample headlines: "A new study finds Americans take the pain of girls less seriously than that of boys" (@CNN ); "Study shows sexism starts early..." (@USATODAY).pic.twitter.com/KhZQypzTSQ

        27 proslijeđenih tweetova 111 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      3. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        "Parents take young boys' pain more seriously" (@FatherlyHQ); "People don't care as much when girls cry as when boys do" (@Cosmopolitan); "Pain often missed in girls" (@usnews); People see females as "less credible" when reporting pain (@NYTHealth). Where to start?pic.twitter.com/CoNNSTQpr5

        1 reply 14 proslijeđenih tweetova 81 korisnik označava da mu se sviđa
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      4. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        First, the effect in our study was observed *only* in female participants--not "Americans" or "parents" or "people" in general. In fact, male participants rated girl pain *higher* than boy pain (albeit not to a statistically significant degree).pic.twitter.com/YciyuYJJJi

        35 proslijeđenih tweetova 183 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      5. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Second, we did not measure "sexism" or "credibility" or the extent to which adult raters "cared" about the pain of boys vs. girls--or even whether they took the pain of boys "more seriously" than that of girls. And we certainly did not show that pain is "often missed" in girls.

        1 reply 17 proslijeđenih tweetova 133 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      6. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Here is what we did. We took a single video of a 5-year-old child getting a routine blood-draw who was dressed & filmed in such a way that their actual sex/gender was not apparent (you couldn't tell if it was a boy or girl). We showed the exact same video to participants...

        1 reply 16 proslijeđenih tweetova 99 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      7. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        across two conditions. In 1 condition they were told the child was "Samantha" & asked to rate "her" pain; in the other condition they were told the child was "Samuel" & asked to rate "his" pain. Overall, participants rated "Samantha" @ 45.9 on a 100 point scale, "Samuel" @ 50.4.

        16 proslijeđenih tweetova 99 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      8. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        As we state in the paper, this difference is *statistically* significant, but we don't yet know whether it is *clinically* or *practically* significant (e.g., we don't yet know whether it would translate to different pain-treatment decisions or expressions of sympathy, etc.).pic.twitter.com/gVKyY0dp58

        20 proslijeđenih tweetova 133 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      9. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        But even more importantly, we go on to note that the difference was driven entirely by female participants: when you look at men only, there is NO statistical difference in ratings; when you look at women, it's 45.7 for Samantha vs. 53.1 for Samuel (effect size d = .34).pic.twitter.com/VEMFPC7tWx

        30 proslijeđenih tweetova 158 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      10. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        We did not predict this. So as of right now, we are not sure how to explain the observed female-only bias in ratings of child pain based on perceived gender. What we do know is that when we control for the explicit belief that boys, in general, display less pain than girls ...pic.twitter.com/rHe3T8kKL0

        19 proslijeđenih tweetova 106 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      11. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        ... the overall effect that "Samuel" felt more pain than "Samantha" disappears (by "display" we mean, showing or expressing pain, e.g., by crying out or saying "it hurts"). So one possibility is that the general belief/expectation that "boys don't cry" affects the inferencepic.twitter.com/gRe0ia9gRN

        18 proslijeđenih tweetova 105 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      12. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        that (some) adults draw about the felt experience of pain in boys when they DO in fact cry out or express pain. The inference might go something like this: "Boys in our culture are taught to act tough & strong when they are in pain & not to cry out, so if a boy DOES cry out...

        1 reply 11 proslijeđenih tweetova 93 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      13. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        & express he is in pain, then perhaps he is experiencing quite a lot of pain--enough to behave in a way that boys are stereotypically taught not to behave." If that is the right explanation, it would say nothing about not taking girls' pain (as) seriously, dismissing their pain,

        10 proslijeđenih tweetova 117 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      14. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        caring less about their pain, etc. It would just mean, given real-life socialization differences between boys & girls, for a boy to display X level of pain, he might need to feel X+ pain, whereas for a girl to display X pain, she might need to feel X (or possibly X-) pain.

        11 proslijeđenih tweetova 94 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      15. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        In other words, our finding is neutral between 2 explanations: (1) the girl was seen as "overreacting/being dramatic" (so felt less pain than displayed), (2) the girl was seen as expressing pain *accurately* but the boy was seen as underplaying pain (feeling more than displayed).

        1 reply 15 proslijeđenih tweetova 108 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      16. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Either explanation would be consistent with the data (or some combo of both), and we are doing follow-up studies to tease those issues apart. But this still wouldn't explain why it was that *only* female participants rated the boy as in more pain than the girl. When reporters

        9 proslijeđenih tweetova 95 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      17. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        asked me about this, I emphasized that the finding was unexpected & we did not have direct evidence in favor of one hypothesis over another. But I also suggested that work by @kate_manne could provide a plausible framework to be tested @ some point https://qz.com/1535889/yale-study-shows-that-adults-take-girls-pain-less-seriously-than-boys/ … …pic.twitter.com/JVe1Qgw0R8

        10 proslijeđenih tweetova 85 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      18. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Specifically, while noting that it was entirely speculative as a potential explanation for our female-only finding, I floated the idea that if women are socialized to be more alert to men's needs under various conditions, it could be that they are extra-sensitive to

        9 proslijeđenih tweetova 75 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      19. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        (among other things) signs of pain or discomfort among men, & this could translate down to greater sensitivity toward expressions of pain even in young boys. I was pleased when I saw @kate_manne told a @washingtonpost reporter that she found this notion plausible too (see below).pic.twitter.com/IbK2ebsxVM

        1 reply 9 proslijeđenih tweetova 73 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      20. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Other publications, like @Cosmopolitan & @Jezebel, picked up this explanation, suggesting that our finding might be evidence of "another manifestation of sexism" https://jezebel.com/girls-pain-taken-less-seriously-than-boys-study-confir-1832233139 … …. And so it might be. Though, again, we have no direct evidence of this from our experiment.pic.twitter.com/wimLcLDkbG

        11 proslijeđenih tweetova 76 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      21. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        But this got me thinking. Suppose we'd found the exact opposite of what we found--namely, that only men showed the effect of rating "Samuel's" pain higher than "Samantha's." It seems likely that this, too, would have been interpreted as a plausible manifestation of sexism, or as

        19 proslijeđenih tweetova 103 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      22. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        "making sense" given the logic of misogyny. And I can imagine that the headlines would not have said "People..." or "Americans..." but rather, "Men take the pain of girls less seriously than the pain of boys." I might be wrong, but this seems plausible to me.

        12 proslijeđenih tweetova 123 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      23. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        If I am right, though, that opposite findings would both have been interpreted as evidence of the same phenomenon (sexism or misogyny), then we may have a situation where a given explanatory framework, as characterized, is not meaningfully falsifiable:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325207023_Falsification_How_does_it_relate_to_reproducibility …

        30 proslijeđenih tweetova 158 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      24. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        This doesn't mean a more fleshed-out theory of sexism/misogyny, w additional auxiliary assumptions built in, would also have counted opposite findings as theory-supportive; but it suggests such auxiliary assumptions need to be spelled out & carefully tested in the present case.

        1 reply 10 proslijeđenih tweetova 78 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      25. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 20. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        In short, our finding provides a peek into a fascinating & complex issue that raises many questions & deserves extensive study & careful testing of different hypothesis. Clinical & practical significance remains to be seen, as does generalizability beyond the video we used.

        10 replies 11 proslijeđenih tweetova 120 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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      26. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 21. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Here is a free link to the pre-print of the paper with open access data and materialshttps://psyarxiv.com/pqg3a/ 

        1 reply 10 proslijeđenih tweetova 43 korisnika označavaju da im se sviđa
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      27. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 21. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Brian D. Earp je proslijedio/a tweet korisnika/ceBrian D. Earp

        And here is a little follow-up thread answering some questions that have come up from tweeters:https://twitter.com/briandavidearp/status/1098787871975194625 …

        Brian D. Earp je dodan/na,

        Brian D. Earp @briandavidearp
        Here is a little follow-up thread on the "gender bias in pain assessment" study to respond to some questions that have come up from some tweeters. One question is what exactly is wrong with headlines saying girls' pain was "taken less seriously" in our study, given the findings.
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        5 proslijeđenih tweetova 21 korisnik označava da mu se sviđa
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      28. Brian D. Earp‏ @briandavidearp 21. velj 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        And here is an open access paper of mine discussing another instance of media misrepresentation of a primary finding (in this case, truly egregious misrepresentation): https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tre.531 …pic.twitter.com/XCWpzTTxvB

        0 replies 14 proslijeđenih tweetova 35 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
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