Can also use excess wind/solar to produce H2 for fuel cell vehicles. Less efficient to use H2 for stationary electricity due to far more conversion losses (electrolysis, compression, fuel cell) versus batteries.
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Replying to @mzjacobson @PDXBIZJournal
Yes, that's certainly true. However, heat and mobility are just as important as electricity supply and here, one reaches dimensions that exceed my imagination of batteries. I think that this should be taken more into account when we think about solutions to the climate crisis.
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Replying to @NewElectricIRL @StephanParlow and
Mark, are you sure it's "Less efficient to use H2 for stationary electricity due to far more conversion losses"? Modern power-to-gas is 63% efficient round-trip. Thats nothing like pumped hydro's 85%, but it can be centralized because there are already multiple unused pipelines..
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Replying to @jsalsman @NewElectricIRL and
Efficiencies of H2 system for producing electricity: electrolyzer (0.74); compressor (0.90); leakage (0.99); fuel cell (0.5-0.7); latent heat loss in water vapor (0.846) = 0.28 to 0.39 versus battery of 0.8 to 0.9 (with most of the lass during charging).
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Replying to @mzjacobson @NewElectricIRL and
How about methanation (Sabatier and Senderens, 1902) of captured effluent CO2 for recycling in gas power plants instead of fuel cells? Does the 54% efficiency prior to waste heat recovery for Audi's 6 MW E-Gas plant reported on p. 442 here seem reasonable?https://www.docdroid.net/IfMKlA3/power-to-methane.pdf#page=10 …
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Replying to @jsalsman @NewElectricIRL and
We're trying to eliminate combustion, so do not include CH4 in roadmaps, except digester or landfill methane that is use in a fuel cell. That methane would otherwise go to air. H2 in fuel cells is fine for transportation, because it is more efficient than internal combustion.
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Replying to @mzjacobson @NewElectricIRL and
Is combustion the problem or the exhaust? There's also the ramp-down opportunity. Just like carbon-neutral fuel whether (methanol or project foghorn or something else) can help people halt net greenhouse emissions without a new car, sealing gas power plants saves capex, is easier
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Replying to @jsalsman @NewElectricIRL and
It's the exhaust. We want cars w/o tailpipes, except for H2 fuel cell vehicles, where H2O only exhaust. No-one should breathe other people's exhaust. All pollution kills 4-9 million/yr worldwide. Unlike climate, health responds immediately so ramping down delays better health
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Because health benefits of pollution reductions are immediate, and not discounted, the monetized value of health benefits often exceeds the value of GHG and climate impact reduction.
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